Are men the victims of equality in contemporary organizations Essay - 1

Are work force the victims of equality in contemporary organizations - Essay ExampleThe fact that much(prenominal) practices exist indicates that organizations are not gender neutral. Just like certain issues can place women in a disadvantaged go down, at that place could be issues that can place men at disadvantage. It is this exclusion along with the perceived improvement of the dapple of disadvantaged groups that has contributed to the perception that men have been disadvantaged by equality (Burke and Black reading)However, with the magnitude of such special policies incorporated by organizations for women perhaps they are now putting men at a disadvantage. Besides, the gradual increase of women in workforce could pose the threat of marginalization to men in the organization. This motif discusses if men are turning into victims of equality in contemporary organizations. Given that they have always been the predominate sex and wielded power over women, can they really be vict ims? The paper discusses factors that whitethorn or may not contribute to mens disadvantaged position.Given that men have outnumbered women in organizations it is unenviable to conceive how they can be victims. Traditionally women have been perceived to be the victims of male domination in organizations. They are the ones who face the glass ceiling and find it difficult to get entry into senior positions. If they do manage to get there it becomes difficult for them to sustain at the top due to the isolation they touch from male dominated social network at top management levels. Current research builds on the findings that senior executive leadership is dominated by corporate masculinity, which accommodates women as token or other(a) (wallaby.vu.edu.au/adt-VVUT/uploads/approved/adt-VVUT20070911.142850/public/03Chapter2.pdf)-Sinclair 1994 Maier 1999 Halford and Leonard 2001).According to Kanters Tokenism Theory (Kanter 1977-find articles) it would be the women who hold a token posi tion in organizations. Since they have been the one to be considered

Acting & Performance in Film Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

playing & Performance in Film - Essay ExampleThis seek discusses various tools of the craft of acting as used by Louise Fletcher in the Film One Flew over the Cuckoos Nest and Kieu Chinh in the film Joy Luck Club. Lastly, the tec of this essay also highlights some of the similarities and differences of their choice of acting tools. near of the main tools commonly used by actors and actresses in the contemporary film industry and discussed in this essay by the researcher are endowment, relationships, display of emotions, character private moments, action (verbal and physical) and personalization. The researcher firstly discusses significant stylistic acting tools, that were used by Louse Fletcher in her role as nurse Ratchet, such as her heightened language and many else. The researcher states that this important tools used by her not only army the development of her character, but also captures the theme of tyranny, that was presented in the film. In addition to that, the rese archer also discusses acting tools that were used by Kieu Chinh, who is a famous Vietnamese American actress best known for her role as Suyuan Woo in the film The Joy Luck Club. The film, which was produced in 1993, is largely about the clash surrounded by Chinese and American cultures as evidenced in the complex relationships between Chinese-American women and their conservative Chinese mothers. To conclude, the researcher provides a detailed comparison on the topic of differences and similarities in the acting choices of Louse Fletcher and Kieu Chinh.

Exams Taking Strategy for College Students Research Paper

Exams Taking Strategy for College Students - Research newspaper ExampleDaily check of notes and finding relevant questions and assignments is crucial. One has to prepare a timetable for ein truth twenty-four hours and weekly study sessions. Looking for an ample place without any disturbance and ensuring one has all the unavoidable tools and equipment is another major step. Regular study prior to the exam will ease the final preparations for tests. grant every subject a time like an hour will ensure that one gives fitted time to all the subjects. Short breaks in between such as stretching and moving close to increases absorption rate. Short period study foster retention of information and reduces fatigue and stress (Durham, 94). making a study group also becomes handy so that students/learners after part exchange ideas.Preparing of revision tools is very crucial towards performing in tests. Learning to have good notes is useful for learning as sound as taking the notes. Revi ew notes after class, daily and on weekly basis. Notes review before exam acts as a reminder of the broader knowledge one has gained. Some lecturers give notes at a debauched rate and a student may not be able to listen and write. One can record the notes using means such as tape recorder and listen to them later as he writes in a notebook. To widen the scope of knowledge of the subject, other reliable sources such as textbooks and internet can be utilized. To ensure adequate coverage and understanding of a subject, the student should fudge a list of all topics he is supposed to cover and allocate time to each (Scruggs, doubting Thomas & Margo, 93). Index cards can also be the best review tool. They help one review easily without having to use books and notes, concentrate on specific details and ease memorization (Kesselman-Turkel, Judi & Franklynn, 52). The main intelligence information is written on one side and facts on the other side. One can also take short notes after readi ng a chapter and writing down main points.

Recruiting , Selecting and Orienting the Right People Research Paper

Recruiting , Selecting and Orienting the Right raft - Research Paper ExampleThe present paper has identified that before heading on to the working class of defining and chalking out appropriate strategies, it is essential to take a careful and descriptive look at what factors are being presented by the current environment and what constraints might put hurdles in a selection of one strategy or the other. Also, some factors might support the choice of one or more strategies for enlisting, selection or induction. As given, the organization in question is medium-sized high technology firm. It obviates the guide to incorporate cost-effectiveness in the process of recruitment, selection, and orientation because being a technology-intensive firm it would not like its mass of funds to be invested in other organizational activities. Technology is fast changing and investment of necessity to be done to remain competitive in the technological market. Furthermore, prevailing situations rein force the need of batch who are zealous and ambitious to take on more responsibilities and carry on multitasking as assembly line duties will change with every single project assigned. An instance of stiff competition highlights the scarcity of practiced people in the labor market and as such, securing cost-effectiveness in the entire process will be a mammoth task. Theoretically, recruitment is a positive drive of creating the pool of competent candidates which are raise to have fulfilled the job criteria and possess the requirement qualifications and abilities. Before proceeding for actual recruitment, it is first necessary to find out the demand. In this regard, forecasting will be done by the use of the computerized dodge which is obvious in a high technology firm. There are a number of recruitment techniques to choose from. However, their applicability differs on parameters of cost, effectiveness, and relevance. The figure in the paper depicts the most common recruitment techniques.

Analyze Uzbekistans economy Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Analyze Uzbekistans economy - Term Paper modelUzbekistans economy has been through its share of the initial down when it was formed. It relieved its independence in 1991, and since that time, Uzbekistan has undergone frugal transformations to strive to become factor in the global economy. The collapse of the Soviet Union and the birth of Uzbekistan had left the country exposed because of the immeasurable downfall of the network of trade and suppliers. The country only had raw materials and getup processed goods available for exports, making them highly vulnerable to the world economy and thus creating a dependence on the worlds commodity prices. Uzbekistan at that time had to take drastic steps to tow polices and reforms that would influx market based aspects. However, the governance of Uzbekistan under Karimov had different set of sparing ideas. He introduced policies that had the furbish up intention of creating control over the economy and these policies played no heed towa rds producing and implementing structural reforms. The economicalal fire of the country in the beginning was very much controlled and the government was very cautious in its moves. The economic policies have somehow ensured a slow regression of privatization keeping more of government control in the state. The ineffectiveness of the economic forums brought the Uzbekistans economy as rendering and deterring factors for the foreign investments. The country then was too reluctant to listen to the economic advice on reforms by the World Bank, the IMF and various economic institutions. This led to astute increase in high levels of corruption and showcased the world about the extreme bureaucratic inefficiency to develop occupation initiatives.The core issue post independence was the soaring state control and authoritarian style of economic power. The following will shed more light on Uzbekistans post independence economic woes Privatization has been very slow and

What Impact did Brown v. Board of Education Supreme Court case have on Coursework

What Impact did brownish v. wit of Education Supreme Court case have on the reduction of racial discrimination in America - Coursework Exampleideration of the rights of every American citizen thereby overturning the discriminative legislations that existed in the countrys education system before as the discussion below portrays.The Supreme Court ruling declared that another(prenominal) previous laws that informed the institution of separate schools for both black and white communities null and void. Apparently, American laws preserve discrimination in every sector of the economy with the countrys education system having taxonomical laws banning the integration of the two communities. An 1879 Kansas law permitted the creation and operation of separate elementary schools among other educational facilities for both the whites and the blacks1. The law however did not restrict the formation and composition of the schools. This portrayed the states recognition of the discriminative s ocial structure thus the creation of equally discriminative social structures. In the ruling, the Warren court made a unanimous ruling overturning such laws by stating separate educational facilities are inherently unequal. The ruling was fundamental since it determined that the de jureracial segregationwas a encroachment of the Equal Protection Clausein the countrys Fourteenth constitutional amendment. The ruling was a major success to most of the civil rights activists and the abolitionist campaigners thereby setting stage for integration of communities in the country.The plaintiffs in the case were a group of thirteen parents who instituted the case against the Board of Education in Topeka, Kansas. The parents represent twenty children who experienced various instances of racial discrimination in the city. Oliver Brown joined the case thereby becoming the main plaintiff in the case after deliberation with the other thirteen parents. Apparently, Browns daughter Linda studied at Monroe Elementary school situated about two klick away2. The young girl would walk for more than six blocks before boarding a bus to

Justifications for Migratory Restrictions Essay

Justifications for Migratory Restrictions - Essay ExampleThis provision is therefore applicable to all members of the UK inn because the society is one that has promoted equality and fairness for generations. However, in recent times, the UK has come up with stringent and tough in-migration natural laws that nurse prevented a lot of people from coming into Britain. One of the biggest area that these new immigration laws have affected is the area of family law. Many migrants can assert a right to live with their family members if they gain jural residence here. However, the UK laws make it difficult for their family members to come into Britain. There are some pointers in law that founder the government authorities the right to block these migrations for family unifications. However, this contrasts with UK family law and European Union Human Rights laws. This paper evaluates the divergence between human rights/family law and national immigration laws which prevent family unificat ion. It begins by examining the fundamental rights of individuals in call of family structures and European Union human rights laws. It goes on to examine the reality of migration into the UK and how these laws affect human rights. The paper identifies the intellect on which the UK authorities reject persons seeking family unifications and its implications in European jurisprudence. The paper goes on to identify the attainable requirements that migrants and refugees living in the UK can satisfy in order to get their rights to family unification honoured. Core Components of Family Law From inception, the family has been the main place that individuals make their first mixer contacts. They build upon their relationships with their families to grow, study and enter mainstream society. The family was the pillar for the sociable and religious development of individuals in the olden days. After the reformation in Europe and the renaissance of the fifteenth to 18th Century, the family structures got modified. Since these events challenged traditional institutions with empiricism and economic rationality, the structures of the family changed (Stevenson, 2005). The family became a vehicle for the economic as well as social integration of children into the society. Currently, the family still remains a major component of the development of individuals. The family acts as the part through which a child learns basic values of the society as well as the egress through which the new generations get prepared for structured education for a future occupation. Families besides celebrate certain cultural and social relationships between adults through marriage and other bonds (Stevenson, 2005). In the UK today, families continue to keep on an beta role in the society. Although a lot has changed over the past fifty years, the family remains an important component of Britain. In 2008, the UK government made the following pronouncement Families are the bedrock of our soc iety. They nurture children, informed to build strength, resilience and moral values in young people and provide love and rise that helps them lead fulfilling livesCabinet Office, 2008). Thus, the primary role that families continue to play in Britain is to socialise the next generation and book them the necessary guidance to build a fulfilling adult life. Additionally, family structures enable adults to get to the peak of their emotional, financial and social life because it grants support and help to individual members of the society (Diduck, 2003). It is therefore important for the UK to keep family structures intact. Due to this, family law has evolved as an important component of law in Britain. Most people have a visual modality of an idealised family system where there is a father, mother and children. However, the evolution in the social structures of Britain has caused the law to also evolve to

Dramaturgy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Dramaturgy - Essay Example fit to Goffman, in the back deliver part, we can drop our drive, forego speaking lines and step out of character (Wallace & fauna 1999, 231). In other words, we can express our true selves in the backstage. On the other hand, when we are front stage, we usually translate our superficial selves or a persona that the society wants to see us. We are seldom given the opportunity to be our true selves. We are constantly pretending to be someone else, visual aspect in different ways, acting in different ways. Most people, I think, normally, are non awake(predicate) of their true identity. Erving Goffman explains thoroughly the backstage where actors do not need to engage in impression anxiety they can be themselves. It is this part that I am trying to examine, develop, and perform at the front stage. I believe that if I can strengthen my backstage personality I can pursue my aspirations and not give in to the pressures and expectations of the society. Whe n I am with my family and peers I immediately activate my front-stage self. My front stage self-refuses to show that I am overly conscious of my physical imperfections, but backstage I am always concerned about how I look like, and how others think of or see me. The notions of the backstage and front stage are all about impression management or the techniques a person use to hire and manipulate the impression from other people. My inner thoughts significantly affect my flawed actions. We appear to have deuce reflections of ourselves, the inside and the outside, the front stage, and backstage.

Production of tpa using eukaryotic n prokaryotic cells Essay - 1

Production of tpa victimization eukaryotic n prokaryotic cells - Essay Examplecourse of production, safety precautions have to be purely adhered to, as the drugs are poisons in nature and could cause severe body harm if misused.A regularity for producing tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) in eukaryotic legions cells is disclosed. Enhanced levels of t-PA production are obtained by co-amplification of the t-PA gene with treatment of cultures transformed with mutant or wild type DHFR with methotrexate sodium.A cell culture comprising methotrexate (MTX) sensitive recombinant host cells transformed with an expression vector comprising a first DNA sequence encode a dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) protein with a low binding affinity for MTX, and a second DNA sequence encoding human tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), tPA encoded by said second DNA sequence, and an effective amplifying concentration of MTX.The invention herein relates to the production of human tissue plasminogen acti vator (tPA) in a transformant host cell culture. More specifically, the invention relates to vectors, cells, and methods of producing tPA in conjunction with expression of the sequences for coding for dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) protein in such cells.Another example that describes use of CHO cells as host cells, and expression vectors which include the SV40 origin of replication as a promoter. However, it would be well within the aptitude of the art to use analogous techniques to construct expression vectors for expression of desired protein sequences in alternative eukaryotic host cell cultures. If cells with surface formidable cell wall barriers are used as host cells, transfection is carried out by the calcium phosphate precipitation method as described by Graham and forefront der Eb, Virology, 52546 (1978). However, other methods for introducing DNA into cells such as by nuclear injection or by protoplast fusion may also be used.Construction of suitable vectors containing th e desired coding and comprise sequences employ standard ligation techniques. Isolated plasmids or

MKT5A5 Application coursework Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

MKT5A5 lotion coursework - Assignment ExampleThe open skies agreement with the US in 2007 and g everyplacenment deregulation in the 90s has seen the devil major air passage sections alter their strategies to stay in line with these changes (Data Monitor, 2014). There two major sections, iodine is the major global carriers for instance, British Airways and low budget carriers such as Ryanair. In addition to the 9/11 attack, the volatile economic effects and the rise in oil prices has seen a number of airlines go into liquidation. This essay analyses British Airways adverting strategy.British Airlines is the leading airline in the UK and its history shag be dated back to 1919, however, the British Airways Group began its outgrowths in 1974 (Data Monitor, 2014). During its years in operation the entity has moved from a government-owned entity to a private firm and has undergone a series of reorganisations making it the second largest airline in Europe and third globally. Currently , the airline has flights in over 300 destinations across the world and has over 33 million passengers (Data Monitor, 2014). It is clear that the airline has been adversely affected by the global economic crisis occupation for the need to review their advertising strategy to reach a high number of consumers and manage its cross out more effectively.British Airways launched a major campaign in eleven years with a 20m reenforcement by using its employees to promote the desirable qualities of the airline a few months after solving the controversial cabin crew dispute (Sweeney, 2011). The TV ad was displayed on British Airways Facebook page and was first aerial in the UK and US markets before it was aired to other global markets. The outdoor campaign and supporting loo was included in seven advertisements stressing on the skill and experience of the British Airways staff. One print advertisement was done on a baby jacket to draw attention to the fact that the staff members were i ngenious to deliver babies if need be the

Preservation of Biodiversity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Preservation of Biodiversity - Essay ExampleIn pre-Colombian times, this bea back up an estimated 700,000 persons (a multiple of todays population) in a sustainable form (Lutz, n.d.). Interest of human beings needs to be served first. every last(predicate) countries should not be held to the same standards in the preservation of endangered habitats and species because divergent countries obligate different levels of scotch strength, and socioeconomic and political issues. It is not practicable to establish same standards of preservation in all countries because different countries give different priority to the conservation of biodiversity, and the stance of individual nations is governed by their cultural and religious beliefs, that oft vary across nations. Traditional practices such as whaling and killing wildlife for ivory, tiger bones, and rhinoceros horns, etc. are not justifiable because there are better alternatives to these which are not only environment friendlier sc arce also good for the well-being of animals. Conventionally, bones retrieved from animals have been of little to no use for humans. Mostly, these bones have been used for ornamental purposes which can be lived

The Contemporary Hospitality Industry Assignment - 2

The Contemporary Hospitality Industry - Assignment ExampleWhen assessing the case of the hospitality diligence, it can be notice that the sector has accomplished a momentous growth of fortify its capital market oer the past few decades. Owing to its consistent and rapid growth, the hospitality industry is also known as a major contributor for Gross National Products (GNP) today where it has been observed to play a pivotal role in encouraging regional developments along with employment opportunities. As per the recent economic performance of the industry, it has been observed that the core hospitality market has been estimated to earn an annual swage of GBP 90 billion on an average, employing almost more than 2.4 millions of employers in its different business practices all over the world (British Hospitality Association, 2010). In relation to diversity, it can further be recognised that the hospitality industry of the present business world, has been inclined towards delivering change magnitudely heterogeneous services being influenced by the changing ineluctably of people, globalisation effects and also due to the relocation or migration among different cultures. According to the present scenario, the increasing diversity within the hospitality workforce has been considered as one of its major strengths to satisfy the diverse unavoidably of its customers (National College of Business Administration, 2009).According to the recent transformation of the hospitality industry, it has been recognised that the structure of hospitality industry involves a range of commercial, public and voluntary organisations that principally involves food and catering services along with other hold and maintenance facilities.

Law of contract Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Law of trim - Case Study ExampleIn this scenario,there are 2 questions which arise.First,is the monetary value of 100 listed in the composition advertisement binding on Wedding Heaven in the event that they sell the dress.Secondly,does the delay of magic cause him in law to have accepted the contract suffer of the lower amount of 150In suppose to give effective analysis to this question it is important to look at relevant Irish reference law on this issue in order to determine whether or not such actions seduce a binding contract enforceable in law. There are a number of track cases in both the Irish jurisdiction and other common law jurisdictions, notably England, which need to be assessed in order to consider this question.This essay shall first analyse the formative components which are necessary for the defining of a contract. Secondly, after assessing the relevant law, these principles will be applied to the current scenario above. Finally, and in conclusion, this paper shall find out whether or not a claim populates in contract law in the scenario again either Wedding Heaven, or John the DJ. We now turn to the basic contract law principles which currently exist in Ireland.First, we must look at the relevant contract law principles on order to observe the current state of the law in Ireland. There are a number of requirements necessary for the formation of a valid contract. This includes passport and acceptance, an intention to create legal relations and finally consideration. It is the first two elements which this paper shall concentrate on. OfferIt is important at the outset to distinguish between and offer and a mere invitation to get by. An offer is when the seller sets out in certain terms what they propose to sell to the probable buyer. In essence, it is the final set of terms which, if accepted by the buyer, would create a valid contract. However, an invitation to treat is not a formal offer, but rather an indication of intent to enter negotiations. It is not mathematical to accept a mere invitation to treat in order to create a binding contract. and then it is important to ascertain the exact intent of any representation as to whether it is a formal offer or simply a declaration of intent. Such declarations may be considered as offers under statute1 or common law2. In general, advertisements are considered to be an invitation to treat. In the English case of C.A. Norgren Co. v Tech-nomarketing,3 Walton J refused a committal order against one of the defendants for allegedly breaching an undertaking given to the High Court that the defendants would not make, offer for sale, sell or distribute items that were subject to copyright.4 The defendants distributed a price list and brochure, including an item covered by the undertaking. Walton J. upheld the contention of the defendant that, generally, the distribution of advertising material constituted an invitation to treat and was therefore not an offer.In order to gauge the intention of the seller, this can either be express by way of transfer words, or implied by his actions. It has previously been held in case law that a personal quotation of the price of goods was merely an invitation to treat.5 Further, it has also been held that a display of goods for sale with the price labels attached is in all opportunity only an invitation to treat, whether the products are in a shop window, on a store shelf or indeed in a self-service store6. One of the leading cases is that of Fisher v Bell7 where a tradesman displayed in a knife with a price ticket in his shop window. He was supercharged with offering a flick knife for sale in contravention of the Restriction of Offensive Weapons fare 1959 s1. It was however held that the shopkeeper was not guilty because displaying the knife in the shop window amounted merely to an invitation to treat. Accordingly, the shopkeeper had not offered the knife for sale within the 1959 Act. Further, In the lea ding English case of Pharmaceutical society of Great Britain

African american history Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

African american history - Essay ExampleThey intromit Igbo, Wolof, Mande, Akan, Fon, Bakongo and Makua amongst others. This people did away with their tribal differences and forged a new nicety and history that was acreolization to their pasts and present.This African American developed a culture that was referred to as a black culture. The culture is deeply rooted in Africa. This culture has affected the United States as part or distinct from its culture. It has enormously influenced the American culture as whole. Although slavery restricted the practice of African American culture, their beliefs, values, and practices survived and have blended or change the white culture (Joanne 64). Within 18th and19th centuries, both white and black Americans worked to stop slavery (Franklin and Higginbotham 285). numerous antislavery societies were organized to fight so that slaves could be freed. Main slaveholders considered freeing slaves to disrupt British trade. Most notably, Prince stu dent residence a free slave submitted petitions to end slavery but it was largely ignored.The other challenge of rotation against slavery set in when President Washington stopped recruitment of soldiers into the revolutionary army. The free slaves participated in the revolution against slavery and participated in American revolutionary war. America won the battle against the British prescript (Franklin and Higginbotham 327). President Thomas Jefferson referred to slavery as abominable crime and declared the independence of slaves yet he was a life long slaveholder. During constitutional convention of 1787, there was declaration of freedom of equality among the blacks and

Synoptic Gospels Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Synoptic Gospels - Essay ExampleSynoptic problem8 7. Faith pursuit understanding9 8. Conclusion..10 9. Bibliography..11 Introduction The first three take fors in the New Testament (Mathew, ticktock , and Luke) are referred to as synoptic gospels. These books talk about similar subjects and stories concerning messiah Christ. However, these books do not broaden the events about messiah Christ in the same length and detail. The books cover the events surrounding the life of saviour Christ in the same sequence, and in most cases, have used similar words1. Relationship amid the Synoptic Gospels The book of Mathew was written about 6 years later(prenominal) the ascension of Jesus Christ. This is according to the chronology of gospels that are found in the crucial dates in the lives of Mary and her son, Jesus Christ. The book of Mark followed after the composing of the gospel according to St. Mathew. It was written about 16 years after the ascension of Jesus Christ. The gospel a ccording to St. Luke was written 27 years after the ascension of Jesus Christ while put-on wrote about 62 years after the ascension2. ... It is important to note that the synoptic gospels have difference and similarities. The similarities cannot be explained just in terms of event sequences. These books differ in terms of language, grammar, and expression3. The first similarity among the synoptic is seen in their chronology. After Mathews gospel had been written and widely read by other(a) Christians, the gospel according to Mark was written. It is assumed that Mark wrote the gospel after reading the work of Mathew. This is due to the fact that Mark could read Hebrew, the language that Mathew used in writing his gospel. The main difference between the three gospels is seen in respect of languages used by the deuce gospel writers were using. Mark was using Latin to write the gospel after reading the Hebrew translation of Mathew4. After Mark and Mathew had written their gospels, L uke wrote his gospel. The writing of the gospel according to Luke is assumed to have been influenced by the literary works of Mark and Mathew since their gospels had been circulated widely. However, Luke could not interpreted Hebrew language in which Mathews gospel was written. The difficultness in understanding Hebrew explains why Lukes gospel is more similar to that of Mark that Mathew. Johns gospel does not fall under the synoptic gospels because the book was written some(prenominal) years after the synoptic gospels had been written and were in wide circulation. The synoptic had already been translated into other languages when John decided to write the gospel. The difference between the synoptic and Johns gospel is in respect of the fact that John did not want to repeat the same events that had been narrated. John knew that his gospel was direct toward the whole church unlike the synoptic that were directed to specific audiences. The

Human resources - performance management Research Proposal

Human resources - performance management - Research Proposal ExampleThis melodic theme tries to explore if it is possible to implement the system effectively at the workplace. The main coevalss which would be considered in this background argon the Baby Boomers, Generation X and Generation Y. The generation born between 1943 and 1960 are referred to as Baby Boomers, while those born between 1961 and 1980 are better known as Generation X while people born after 1980 are called Generation Y. The motivation behind this project to high spot on the importance of antithetic performance management practices for the different generations. Critical LiteratureToday eightfold generations are found to be employed at the place of work. However, in a manufacturing oriented economy, they are found to be distinguished from one another through organizational stratification and structural conniption of that economy. The older or senior employees are found to be working in the head offices rete ntion the commanding positions, while the middle aged employees are found to be nominateing positions requiring high skills in general belonging to the management cadre. The youngest, greenest who are considered to be most strong physically are found to hold the factory floors and accounted for the sales representatives, junior accountants, assistant managers etc. One of the major outcomes of this accidental blending of different generations is creativity. People belonging to different generations are likely to bring up different thoughts and yield refreshful ideas for solving problems and creating future opportunities. (Zemke & Raines & Filipczak, 1999, p.10). The study would reflect the some of the fundamental differences between the different generations in foothold of their work habits, work ethics and career views and values. According to a research conducted by Raines (2007), the rich junto of different generations in organizations has called for changes in the recruitmen t and performance management strategies by employers. The results show that competition for talents constitute been escalating as there are more generations who have been working side by side. It is seen that the oldest members belonging to the generation of Baby boomers have been coming close to their age of retirement. However, this is excessively true that their performance and productivity is not the same as the Gen X and Gen Y. That is why they different performance evaluation practices. However, the ageing generation is also required in the organizations as they are rich talents and their knowledge is of high worth in the organizations (Raines, 2007, p.1). of late a survey conducted by Next Step, which was led by Jenifer Vessels (1998), on four different generations in organizations aged between 20 years and 60 years belonging to both government agencies and privy companies. The results showed that 72.3% of the respondents had been

Achilles Essay Example for Free

Achilles EssayAchilles set the model or electric rayism in the western world. Do you think Odysseus is a better model? Why or why not? The two heroes relieve oneself their different characteristics and contributions to the English Literature. They were cognise by their every heroism acts, honored with their people and envied by their enemies. Odysseus was portray as a hero by the Greek because of his many virtues and, considered as a villainous falsifier by the Romans. (http/wwwwikipwedia. com). He portrayed inconstant characteristics as a hero. Hes known to be cunning and deceitful, tricky and wise. One of the most influential Greek Champions of the trojan War, a acquaintance of Achilles whom he had convinced to join with Menelaus (King of Spartan) troops in sailing through troy weight, and retrieve Helen (mistress of the King) that was abducted by Paris of Troy. Though, he tried to avoid from coming since an oracle prophesized that hell be delayed long in returning(a) h ome if he went, but Palamedes placed his son in front of the plough which forced him to go.He became one of the most trusted advisers and counselors. He helped and brought the battle to victory. Just before the war begun, he go with Menelaus and Palemedes in an attempt to negotiate Helens peaceful return. Menelaus made unpersuasive emotional arguments, but his arguments to the highest degree persuaded the Trojan court to hand her over. He was indeed a hero of the Greek because of his strength and intelligence, his resistless approach towards negotiations of the lands boundaries and properties.On the other hand, Achilles was too a Greek hero of the Trojan War, the central character and the ampleest warrior of Homers lliad, which takes for its theme the Wrath of Achilles. (http/www google. com). He was known as the quickest and the most handsome of the heroes assembled against Troy. His great relationship with his friend Patroclus, who wore his armor the time hes slain by Hector. O n the plastic film Troy, he became more of a hero when he turned back and join the war to save the woman he first held as a captive at the first time they conquered one of the places of Troy.He showed passionate love with the Troy Princess and tried to keep her when King Menelaus invaded and murdered the King of Troy. Though, he presented a hubristic personality, however, his soft side was revealed by the time he fell in love with the Princess, macrocosm a good and trusted friend of Patroclus also. Achilles was invulnerable on all his body except for his heel, and was killed in battle by an arrow to the heel. (The movie is very visible on this part. ) Both Odysseus and Achilles were great, intelligent and peerless warriors.They were also in love when theyre forced to join the war. The first saved his son from placing in front of the plough and the later being so brave that he fear no kings, lived according to his will and desire, and went to save his Princess from danger. And thou gh, Achilles was killed during the war and Odysseus was seek to get his armor away from Agamemnon. For me, they are just fair of becoming great models to everyone. They are heroes and great models in their own way and right.

Spectators in Sport Essay Example for Free

Spectators in Sport EssaySpectators in drama are often an identity and sometimes novelty within themselves. For viewers of any standing, fellow spectators scum bag often make, break, sweeten or sour a sporting experience. Some spectators can be source rag by the antics of spectator groups such as English crickets Barmy Army, American College Basketb every last(predicate)s Duke University Cameron Crazies or locally, even the infamous Joffa and the Collingwood Football Club cheer squad.To others, the appeal of experiencing or even simply viewing these groups in action is a novelty and can make up a lot of the reason for people to be enticed to watch. When considering sports spectators there are 2 ends of the spectrum that initially come to mind. One is the die-hard, dedicated supporter who stands by their club through thick and thin and can life themselves in a responsible manner, the other is the rowdy, one eyed version that can present golosh disruptions in crowds or take p art in less than savoury behaviour of sports hooliganism.Spectators, however, dont always necessarily need to be avid supporters of a team or the sport in general. It is possible for spectators to be casual, mildly interested and whitethornbe just intrigued by the spectacle or risecase of trespass tier physical abilities and attri scarcees within the sporting domain. Sometimes it is this lure of simply sitting back and ceremony without any vested emotion, the superstardom of some of the worlds greatest athletes.This couldve been the reason the Chicago Bulls sold out all(prenominal) arena, home or away, in almost every season during the Michael Jordan era, for example. To gain a better agreement of spectators and spectator traits, Giulianotti used English Football as a baseline and devised a way to discover and catergorize contemporary spectator identities. He identified that spectators can be either hot or sang-froid with regards to their emotional attachment, and either trad itional or consumer based in their motifs for watching.A hot, traditional spectator was considered a Supporter, was emotionally vested in and loyal to the club, normally purchasing shares/memberships/merchandise and feeling an obligation to denominate thick personal solidarity to that one club. Supporters often attend live events as a public video display of their allegiance. Conversely, a cool, traditional spectator was considered a Follower.Followers had other reasons for spectating than the club itself as they mayfind appeal in a player or coach for instance, allowing them to willingly follow the development of the club without being deeply emotionally vested in being part of the journey. Followers can show a thick or thin solidarity toward a club and will often use electronic media to simply keep tabs on the goings on. A hot, consumer spectator was labelled a fan. Fans often absorb a primary interest in the celebrity of a team or player or club identity. Fans can be financia lly invested in the club similar to a Supporter, but ordinarily for differing reasons.Fans can take part in cheer squads and preach their alliance to the club, but are usually unidirectional in their affections. Lastly, a cool consumer spectator was given the title of Flaneur. Flaneurs were considered to be the result of sess media allowing for the following or consumption of sports worldwide of any scale and were often appealed to by the novelty, vividness or aesthetic sensations and experiences of sports in general. Flaneurs as spectators have the least amount of solidarity to a particular club of all the 4 catergorized.Though it is interesting to sociologically categorize people by considering factors and variables that impact them and Giulianotti has a fairly comprehensive synopsis of the 4 evolving spectator types, one thing is certain, spectators are integral to sports on many levels and the study of such can allow for clubs and sports in general to find better ways to com e in and appeal to each of the aforementioned subgroups in a holistic sense for not only their fulfilment, but the club or sports financial and supportive prosperity in the future.

The things needed by a woman fleeing from domestic abuse Essay Example for Free

The things needed by a woman fleeing from home(prenominal) help abuse Essay there are m each things that one provide do to support a woman who is attempting to flee from domestic violence. According to the Domestic Violence Victims Bill of Rights (Andrew Cuomo, 2008). The root critical thing that a survivor of domestic violence needs is aid to get both her and any children to safety. Safety means to a shelter, or location where ones partner will not look. Safety also means that the survivor of domestic violence will need legal assistance.Second, they will need legal and law enforcement assistance in obtaining Temporary Restraining Orders, and personal belongings. According to Strong DeVault and Sayad (2001), one fo the most critical things that can be provided for women fleeing from domestic abuse would be emotional and psychological support. This can be provided in any number of rooms including, counseling, support groups, and family support net make ups. 4. 2. Discuss so me of the general recommendations that family violence experts reach for preventing family violence.Strong, DeVault and Sayad (2001) make several raiseions that can be seen as effective in preventing situations in which family violence might occur. The first solution that is suggested by the experts is that society seeks to reduce societal problems much(prenominal) as, poverty, unemployment, low wages and other factors that give way to situations of extreme stress within the family. The second suggestion made by Strong, DeVault and Sayad (2001) is that both husbands and wives in a family need equal opportunities to achieve educational and career destinations.The third key aspect of preventing family violence accord to the experts is to educate men and women about family planning and birth control in order to avoid unwitting or unwanted pregnancy. The final method suggested by Strong, DeVault and Sayad (2001) is to ensure that parents, specifically young parents are meliorate about parenting as well as about disciplinary methods that are non-violent in nature in order to break the multi-generational cycle of violence that is common to many families.Strong, DeVault, Sayad (2001) suggest that the daycare constitution be reformed and that preventative programs be developed to stop family violence before it becomes a problem for families. Finally, it is suggest that families receive assistance in developing tender support networks in order to end social isolation that may be common in violent family situations. These suggests from the experts are only general besides they can guide agencies and therapists who deal with family violence in creating policies and programs to deal with family violence. 4. 3. What is Divorce Mediation and what is its primary goal?Divorce mediation is primarily a means of resolving marital disputes resulting form divorce such as, property division and child custody, without involving the courts, or lawyers. This reduces the stre ss on the divorcing couple and allows them to settle without the hostility and argumentation over these issues that is typically seen in divorce pursued through the court systems. Strong, DeVault, and Sayad (2001) argue that, this is critical for ensuring that the surpass possible results are obtained for the family in terms of child custody, visitation and child support.Strong, DeVault and Sayad (2001) suggest that divorce music can go through a powerful influence on how well parents get along subsequently a divorce and therefore how well children adjust to a situation of divorce. This means that family members are slight likely to have problems if mediation rather than courts and lawyers are utilized in order to avoid hostilities. In fact, avoidance of hostility between divorcing family members is the primary goal of divorce mediation. 4.4 Based on the work of Visher and Visher, discuss three structural characteristics that make the stepfamily different from the traditional first- wedding family? There are three chief(prenominal) ways in which stepfamilies differ structurally from traditional nuclear families. According to Strong, DeVault and Sayad (2001), one major way lies in the fact that one for both parents in a stepfamily may have differing custody arrangements for their children including, resole custody, joint custody, legal custody, physical custody or no custody of their children.Thus children that are brought into the marriage may spend differing amounts of time within the stepfamily and have differing rates of adjustment to living within a stepfamily. Second, the number of parents in the family differs from the traditional two parent family because a child may have a biological mother and father and anywhere from 1-4 stepmothers and stepfathers. This can create conflicts, as the child will have to face different rules and expectations with each family.Finally, Strong, DeVault and Sayad (2001) state that, stepfamilies are larger, and often have more complicated family system than traditional families.ReferencesJames, Paula (1997) The Divorce Mediation Handbook Everything You Need To Know. Jossey-Bass, New York, 240 Office of the New York State attorney General (2008) Domestic Violence Victims Bill Of Rights Retrieved, August 11, 2008, from, http//www. oag. state. ny. us/family/domestic_violence. html Strong, Bryan, DeVault, Christine, and Sayad, Barbara, W (2001) The Marriage and Family beget 9thEd, Wadsworth/Thomson Publishing, New York,

The purpose of Johns Gospel Essay Example for Free

The goal of fast ones Gospel EssayTo tell the accuracys ab push through savior rather than recount the facts of his life. critic solelyy examine and evaluate this claim concerning the think of the pen of the Fourth Gospel.There are several substitute views about the invention of fundaments Gospel. I plan to examine the view that it was write to tell truths about saviour, and birth forth its likelihood within the context of some of the some other theories.In order to assess this view of the creed shoot for, it is necessary to discuss for whom John was writing, as his purpose willing hinge upon his audience. If he was writing so his audience could see and break religious belief in messiah then he may head have been writing for unbelievers. Karl Bornhauer has proposed that the gospel truth singing was create verbally as a straightforward missionary tract for atheistic Jews. Only Jews, he claims, would have understood the document, because it is preoccupied wi th Jewish matters and omits any reference to the institution of the Christian rites of Baptism and the Lords Supper. In its final edition, the gospel was written in Greek, possibly because this is what Hellenistic Jews spoke.On these grounds, the gospel was written to convince Jews of the Christian claim that messiah is the Messiah. Robinson agrees with this view besides Smalley thinks that by the time this gospel was written, the Christian mission to Israel was largely over. The Jews featured in the gospel are rescuer enemies, not potential Christians small-arm some believe in him (1211) the majority are responsible for his death. Johns attitude to them would therefore have been polemical not missionary. This waits like a relevant view, likewise, because it is doubtful that John would have succeeding in converting these Jews by casting them into the role of Jesus enemies he would merely have alienated them. Therefore I do not believe Johns Gospel was written to convert unbel ieving Jews.Another theory, from Raymond Brown, is that John was addressing Diaspora Jewish-Christians Greek public speaking Jews already converted to Christianity, or those torn between their faith in Jesus and their loyalty to Judaism. They were mistrusted and seen as subversive to the law, and attempts were made to exclude them from the synagogue. The polemic against Jews would not apply to them, and the authors dialect on Jesus as the Messiah and as the fulfilment of all the Jewish feasts and institutions would be a strength to their faith if they were allowed to perch in the synagogue, and an encouragement to them if they were forced to withdraw.There are three references to being put out of the synagogue in Johns Gospel, and two instances of those who overcame their fear of the Jews, and even at risk of expulsion from the synagogue, publicly acknowledged Jesus (the blind manhood, and Joseph of Arimathea). Jesus is also portrayed positively, attending festivals. Brown concl udes that John is inviting Jewish-Christians in the synagogues of the Diaspora to follow the example of such people. However, despite the fact there is internal reason to support this, it is un presumable these were the sole intend recipients. Smalley suggests that the gospel could also have been written for Christians, to challenge their faith, to encourage their belief and to help them grow into the Christian way of life. There is nothing exclusive about the gospel its perspective is infinitely wide, and it may tumefy have been intended for all Christians e reallywhere.It is, however, also possible that John was writing for a particular root around him, because his gospel was originally anchored in a real life situation which helped to shape its tradition, and caused its publication. Smalley thinks the Johannine church service was made up of many disparate groups of people suffering under the Romans persecution. These groups included Judaisers, ex-heretics, ex Gnostics, those from heathen and Jewish backgrounds and ex-pagans, hardly all were followers of the beloved disciple, and the purpose of writing a gospel for all of these people would be to reconcile them, and thus show the universality of Christianity.C H Dodd and C K Barrett are the two scholars most associated with the belief that John is a work of evangelism. The gospel itself conveys that it contains an evangelical purpose so that you may believe Jesus is the Christ (2031). therefrom its main purpose would be to gestate people to grow in faith, (which is a different thing from belief). A discussion between Jesus and Thomas (2026-28) seems to emphasise this Thomas sees because he believes. Jesus is saying that without actually seeing him on earth, faith is a spiritual perception. Thomas needs to see reality. This theme is running through the gospel, the combust and sable imagery symbolising seeing faith, and demonstrating that Jesus is the roost of the world and the witnesser of ete rnal life. So, Smalley concludes that the gospel was written so that its ratifiers could find out truths about Jesus and believe he is the life-giving Messiah (v 31). Dodd thinks the gospel is written in two parts, chapters 2 11 being the signs, and 12 20 being the passion. Thus Jesus is shown being glorified.It has been suggested that the gospel is a polemic or an apology, and according to Bultmann, one against the Baptist sect. Its main purpose would be to demonstrate the inferiority of John the Baptist to Jesus. John the Baptist is described only as a man sent from God (16) and his role is heavily played down in comparison with the synoptics Jesus, not John, is the light (18), the Baptist is neither the Christ nor the Elijah, but merely a crying voice (119-23), Jesus existed before John, and is great (130), Jesus performed many signs, but John never worked a miracle (1041). Only in this gospel does Jesus not get baptised.Therefore, the suggestion has been raised that Johns gospel was written to refute the claim of a Baptist group. Bultmann argues that the author of the gospel was a former Gnostic who had been part of a Baptist sect before becoming a Christian Gnosticism flourished in the 2nd Century and his disciples were given to Jesus. Smalley is very critical of this view, saying the only other evidence we have of a Baptist sect is in Acts 19, and this is debatable. Although it is possible there was a Baptist sect in the 3rd Century, this wasnt unusual judging by the other sects in existence e.g. Manichaeism and there is little evidence to suggest such a group created any real problem for the early Christian church. Furthermore, I do not think the author could have been meaning to downgrade John the Baptist, because he isnt mentioned very much the gospel is about Jesus.Another possibility is that the gospel is a polemic against heresy, in particular, against Gnosticism. Gnostic influences, or pre-Gnostic ideas, were brought to bear on the Chri stian gospel once it was carried from a Palestinian to a Graeco-Roman environment. We also know from Gnostic redeemer fables, in which deliverance from the lower world of matter is effect by a non-earthly, ideal, saviour figure and appropriated by knowledge, that such ideas when taken over by Christians dissemble a denial of the physical reality of Jesus in his life and death. Edwin Hoskyns argued the gospel was anti-Gnostic, as did E Scott, who theme John was basically a reinstatement of the Christian uncorrupted news in Hellenistic terms. just he also found evidence that the author of John wrote to counteract heretical, Gnostic teachings he insists on the reality of Christs life, denies the Gnostic hierarchy of intermediate spiritual agencies, opposes the Gnostic idea that divine sonship is possible isolated from the Christ, avoids Gnostic watchwords, and so on.Barrett thinks John was writing whilst Gnosticism was developing and essentially was trying to nip it in the b ud before it really became successful (although Bultmann disagrees and thinks it was already established by c. hundred AD). Gnostics, in general, think Jesus heart and soul is for an elite, and only some will get to Heaven. The author of John was clearly conscious of Gnosticism, and apparently not completely or directly critical of it he uses Gnostic imagery such as light and dark, heaven and earth, is sensitive to the importance of knowledge, and accepts a dualist framework for his theology of salvation.Bultmann believes that the author of John is actually a former Gnostic who is editing the sign source (which is the heart of the ministry), and that John uses a separate source from the synoptics, in which the signs do not feature. Bultmann thinks Gnosticism used the sign source too, but attached the redeemer myth to it. John is therefore editing out Gnostic influences, reclaiming the text this means that Gnosticism and John are similar, but the conclusion is different. So throug h using Gnostic ideas, John is actually showing that Christianity is universal. However, this to me does not hold much weight as an argument because the author has been so ambiguous he swings between support the Gnostic way of thought and opposing it. Had the author been writing a polemic, he would surely have left no doubt about his point.It has also been questioned whether John baron have been trying to go out or complement the synoptics, or perhaps going beyond them completely to write an ultimate gospel. express for this is that it was part of Jewish tradition to write a commentary on something previous Windisch and Lightfoot think it is an boldness to say that the author of Johns gospel used the synoptics as a source, (although John was written late, C 100 AD) and he tycoon have used a non-synoptic sign source.Windisch thinks John was written, to supersede the synoptics, by a single author who mustiness have known the gospel of Mark and other synoptic material. Windisch claimed John was autonomous and sufficient so might have been replacing them completely. Lightfoot developed this idea, but said that the synoptic gospels would have had too strong a position in church for Johns gospel to happen upon this, and was only interpreting them, to draw out the significance of the original events. This was suggested long before by clement of Alexandria, when he wrote of a spiritual gospel. I think the idea of interpretation is probably more likely than that of replacement, as John does not seem to be meant to be independent, but probably complements the synoptics.The title asks whether the purpose of Johns gospel was historicity or not. For a large part of fib, it was not thought to be accurate in the modern historians sense, especially as St Clement of Alexandria referred to it as a spiritual gospel. Some events in John appear to occur in a different order to the synoptics, e.g. the last supper, which occurs at Passover in the synoptics but is first thi ng in John. But according to Lightfoot, the author was well aware of the historic truth lying at the heart of the Christian tradition, and even if he can sit lightly to subsidiary aspects of his main historical subject, he may give us better guidance than the synoptics.Smalley has tried to state the question by examining Acts Martin Dibelius believes Acts is not historical at all, F F Bruce says it is a summary of history but a sanitised version. But why would an author write one factual gospel and one inaccurate gospel? Paul is the main character in Acts, and Pauls inaccurate writings seem to contradict. Galatians also mentions a missing journey to Arabia which Acts leaves out though according to Catchpole, this could have been because it wasnt successful. But Smalley points out that in Acts, the council of Jerusalem is mentioned, which isnt in Paul. This means Acts and Luke are probably not historical, so John could gloss over be. Despite this, Schmeitzer has said that the onl y thing the gospel shows is that Jesus existed, not anything about him.I do not think this can be true judging by the apparent structure of the gospel. Smalley separate it up into four parts (the prologue, the ministry, the passion, and the epilogue). Guilding identified a two-year cycle within the narrative, although he thought it was a liturgy. However this does suggest history was important, or why would the author put the gospel into a historical context? The gospel has a clear time period, and mentions historical figures. Smalley identified that the author must have thought about structure as well, and said that the main purpose was to show who Jesus is (thus agreeing with the titles claim). Jesus performed miracles which C H Dodd called sign sources, and Smalley thinks that these, along with the discourses and the I am sayings, are meant to show the reader who Jesus actually is, and what his purpose is. None of these three things have a historical purpose, although John might be historically accurate, containing historical and geographical tracts. I could accept this view, as it allows for the miracles to be only literary devices, designed to show the role of Jesus.The gospel is certainly centred about Jesus, who seems to be acting as a pastor he cares about his people (as in Pauls letters). Smalley questions whether or not Johns Gospel contains the same configuration of kerygma as the rest of the New Testament writings. C H Dodd identified the Kerygma in early speeches of Peter in six different parts throughout Acts 216-21, in which the elderly Testament prophecy is finish, 222-32 and 315, where it is stated that Jesus is from the Davidic line, 233-36 and 411, stating that Jesus is the lord, 233 and 238, in which the Holy Spirit is given, 320 and 1042, where it proclaims that Jesus will return, and 238-40 and 319 which says man should repent their sins. In John, the Old Testament prophecy is fulfilled in John 11 and 114. 114 and 714 state that Jes us is from the Davidic line, 1720-22 and 151-6 that Jesus is the lord, 2021 that the Holy Spirit has been given, 639, 644, 143 that Jesus will return, and 2031 that man should repent.C H Dodd thinks this Kerygma is in John, Peter and Paul. Smalley accepts it is there in John and Paul but thinks it is less developed. He also believes there is a significant difference between its presence in John and in Paul, because Jesus is supposed to be the second Adam in Paul, but John has a greater emphasis on surpassing Moses. He argues that the fourth gospel is much closer to the synoptics than to Paul, that Paul never power saw the historical Jesus, only the risen Jesus, and is therefore incomplete. I would agree with Smalleys reasoning because in the Kerygma and in Paul there is little reference to Jesus historical life, so the purpose of the gospels might have been to put teachings of Jesus into a historical setting.In conclusion, it is impossible to be sure of the purpose of Johns Gospel, but it seems likely that the author wanted to communicate truths about Jesus, his role on earth, his divinity, etc. Smalleys views seem well supported by evidence, and I would agree that the gospel couldnt have been a purely historical account although it may well have a true frame of events. Surely spreading the good news about Jesus would be more important than relating everything he said and exactly as it happened. Robinson, who thought the gospel was written before the synoptics, said that historicity might have been a purpose, but not the main one. Most of those who think the synoptics came first will disagree and think Johns history is inaccurate, but as Brown as said, the accuracy is irrelevant, as the narrative frame is probably only there to uphold teachings about Jesus.

A Black Mans Tribute to His White Mother Essay Example for Free

A Black Mans Tribute to His White Mother Essay jam McBride, has a in the flesh(predicate) element in its origin that is carried throughout the text. The informant attempted to discern his race, and uncovered the bring uping wholeegory of his Je gaze mother who experienced her own personal Diaspora she immigrated from Poland to Virginia, and from Virginia to New York City. The latter move took frequently courage, because she had to throw overboard both her faith and her family in order to follow her heart, ultimately marrying the titular black man and open up a lasting family. The aforementi championd personal element really helps carry the narrative forward James McBride wishes to tell his own story, but realizes that he commode non tell his own without telling his mothers. Intentionally or not, this works quite well on a meta-textual level, as it reinforces how tightly tethered his family is to one another(prenominal), which serves as an extreme counterpoint to her othe r family (indeed, her other demeanor) that she left commode in Virginia.See to a greater extent Homelessness as a social problem EssayThe work also serves to broker a much-needed (then, as much as now) discussion regarding racial division inside America. A neutral observer might mountain the subtitle of the work and ask why race is so important to the narrative as McBride illustrates, one cannot discuss this particular tale of immigration, life, and success in the context of America without discussing the racism that permeated the countryhow, eve in the shadow of civil rights triumphs, many saw race as an excuse to divide, as contrary to an opportunity to come together.Despite the rather serious premise, the book ultimately comes across as more uplifting than depressing. The memoirs of times when race relations be so bad also serve to discombobulate one grateful that present day America is much more tolerable regarding matters of race (though not, of course, perfect). McBride vigorously embeds this idea in the very title of his work, implying that the color of watertransparent claritycan still come through a mixture of race as opposed to segregation.The notion of reconciliation within the work is not limited to matters of race the epilogue of the story features McBride becoming more in touch with his Jewish heritage, effectively bringing the journey of his mother full circle as she had to leave Judaism behind in order to forge a new life and a new identity, James McBride has to re-discover it as a way of determining his own identity. Throughout the work, there is an undercurrent of the importance of education. The text emphasizes that all twelve of Ruth McBrides children become college-educated, and readers live every bump along the way as she tries to get them through college.However, take down while reading about these economic difficulties (a relatively touchy instance in the shadow of near economic collapse), readers are offered a glimpse of hop e the work alternates chapters create verbally by James and chapters written by his mother, so even as the narrative makes one bear on for how the children will turn out, the gripping narrative of James reminds audiences that they will turn out just fine. In a way, that is the pattern of this book tension and release, tension and releasethe tension of Ruths vie with her old family, and the release of the success with her new family.There is the tension of financial hardships and the release of financial success. And in a story that is essentially about the American dream, tension comes from the possibility that America may not be ready for Ruths dream. In turn, the release is the joy of Ruth not subsiding for the American dream rather, she creates and actualizes her own. The Gentle People A Portrait of the Amish by James Warner provides an intimate smelling into a group that is still a mystery to many Americans the Amish.True to its word, the book is primarily comprised of phot ographs of the Amish that are artificially made to look like washed-out, antique photos. These are usually accompanied by a biblical verse, so one is able to more properly get into the Amish mindset. The old versus combined with the old-timey feel of the photographs really gives a feeling that one has become unstuck in time, as Vonnegut might say. manque sociologists will comment this book to be a treasure trove of information regarding Amish society, particularly regarding relationships. check to the book, public affection between married individuals is highly frowned upon by Amish society, as their affection for one another is too sacred to be shared with outsiders. As should not be surprising, many of the ideas are founded in Christian writings and fix been espoused by Christian writers, though the Amish take things to their logical extreme bath Donne, for instance, counseled lovers not to weep at their beloveds funeral, because the affection was too valuable to share with out siders.The Amish have interpreted Donnes advice about love after death and have applied it to love during life, which can be something of a shock when one first reads about it. Of course, modern day feminists will find much within the book that is upsetting to their cause. The Amish have taken Ephesians to heart, and strictly expect wives to submit to their husbands in all matters. There are even limits to how much children can be exposed to the school system, with the surmise that only God can provide wisdom, and everything else is foolishness.While these are basic precepts for Mormons and taken for granted in their society, it is jarring for onlookers (particularly liberal onlookers) to first see the number of restrictions that are placed on people and expressions. Fortunately, the author has a built in ethos James Warner was born to a Mennonite household, so he has quite a bit of background regarding this issue. However, that is what makes the book disappointing on several leve ls it does not concern itself with any unintelligible revelations about Amish history, and does not serve well as an introduction to the Amish lifestyle simply because no diachronic context is offered.The book and its photos are put forth as a kind of slice of life view of the Amishhowever, go steadying that it was first printed over four decades ago (and was arguably offering out-of-date content even back then), the work struggles to find a proper audience in the modern day. After all, it is not a book for the Amish its pictures and passages are simply redundant for them, and more conservative Amish may even consider its author something of a traitora man who abandoned their private lifestyle, only to make a profit by publically invading that privacy.The book is also not intended for those wanting to in full learn about the Amish as elaborated on above, it does not delve into their history, and offers no context for the actions taken by the Amish. The ideal audience for this bo ok, interestingly enough, would be modern photography buffs the pictures are quite striking, and the measures taken to make them seem more ancient than they are may very well offer the plan photographer new tricks for his or her toolbox. For everyone else? There are far better books about the Amish, especially for those who wish to know their full story.

Verbal Communication Paper Essay Example for Free

Verbal chat Paper Es reciteCommunication put up occur in two disparate ways, voc everyy and non-verbally. Whether it is verbally or non-verbally, it plays a weighty sectionalisation in certain argonas of the criminal jurist system. With in this paper we testament discuss the importance of verbal and non-verbal discourse in the following argonas police situation when concerning the press or a public announcement, royal dally setting when testifying, alineions facility when dealing with employees, peers, and inmates, and juvenile facilities when dealing with employees, peers, and inmates.It is important to k promptly how to handle yourself indoors your impartiality enforcement c atomic number 18er when you are called upon to address the public. When dealing with the public you the public and press on that point are things that are ok to guess and discuss and there are things that should non be state or discussed. According to our text in chapter six page 28, many o fficers encounter stage fright when having to call to an in semi-formal group of people or the press and media, but as with anything dedicate does exculpate perfect, the more than the officer encounters situations such as this, it be falls easier to speak in public.When the officers is addressing an informal group, he or she essentials to immortalise virtuoso key thing, and that they pack to stick to the facts of the crime, and not break out more information that what is take to be liven by the general public. Now those rules whitethorn apply for informal settings, but for formal settings the situation is usually different. There are different guidelines that should be followed to help the officer speech to liquify in a smooth manner. First thing first, they may want to draft a speech, now when drafting a speech it is important that they follow the following steps 1.Prepare an outline of the topics that you will be discussing, this will help you stay on topic and as conf ident(predicate) that you will not shake off from topic or give any information that should not be given. 2. Draft an outline of the master(prenominal) topics that you are willing to discuss, and limit it to three or four topics. By doing this it help you be adequate to focus on these important topics and your able to relay a sack and concise message. 3. Revise and rescript the outline a few times to ensure that you have the right information and that you are relaying the correct information that you would like to relay. 4.Practice your speech, remember we write differently than we actually speak, so it is important that your practice your speech several times. 5. Prepare an outline and make sure that you deliver the speech in the parade you have written in your outline. Also you should know the subject matter well prior to freehanded your speech, this way you are able to give an educated resolving power to any question that may come up. 6. When writing a speech, always try to start at the middle or the end, because the most intemperate part will be the starting line. Usually when you begin in the middle or the end the beginning tends to write itself.(Wallace and Roberson, 2009). Those were some of the steps to delivering a victorious speech according to our text. When dealing with the media, which most law enforcement will at some point in their career, tolerate be very difficult, especially if you are not prepared and you are not fully educated on the topic in which you are speaking of to the media. Although many agencies have begun to utilize public affairs officers, there are carrellard direct procedures that police officers that are on the street when unexpectedly approached by a report they have procedures that they need to follow (Wallace and Roberson, 2009).These procedures are put in place to ensure conformity amongst the department (Wallace and Roberson, 2009). As you can see when dealing with the media it is very important at you are d oing and saying the right things, or what you said or did can be mistaken for something else, and can ultimately have a large tack on the case that you may be working on . When an officer is in court and is called to testify, the communication is very important, because base on what he pr she says can ultimately help the jury to make a decision on whether to convict or drop the charges against the accused.In some cases an officer may be asked to give an affidavit of said events. According to our text in chapter eight page 109, there are two types of affidavits that can be retrieved. The first one is serves as evidence to assist the court in the decision of an issue or the determination of certain facts and those used to invoke the judicial process. The help type of affidavit is a certificate that is used in civil courts to provide evidence that a party has been officially notified of a pending court proceeding. Good officers usually prepare for court, in the uniform way that the y prepare for giving a speech (Wallace and Roberson, 2009).For instance an officer may want to suit the scene of the crime, still to remember what took place on that day and what thoughts went through his mind that day when he arrived at the crime scene. That way he is well sensible, and has the ability to give educated wait ons to the questions that he may be asked by prosecution or the defense attorneys. This also will create creditability to the officers testimony. It is also very critical that the officers go of the case file, so that they are even better informed of the series of events, because just as the officers are overworked so are the prosecutors.Many times the prosecutor is depending on the officers to carry their own testimony, without to much of their assistance (Wallace and Roberson, 2009). Just as there are steps to macrocosm successful when giving a speech there are steps to being a successful witness, and they are as follows 1. Telling the truth 2. Do not gue ss, if you do not know say so. 3. Be sure you have a clear understanding of the question, you cannot give a honest answer if you do not understand the question 4. Take your time and answer the question answer, make sure you give as much thought to your answer to formulate an educated answer.5. Make sure you give a loud and audible answer. 6. Do not look for assistance when you are on the stand from anyone, if you feel as though you need help request it from the judge. 7. Be aware of questions with surmount involving distance and time, and if you are not sure of the exact distance or time, make sure that you make it clear that you are estimating. 8. Be courteous at all times 9. If asked if you have talked to the prosecutor, be honest and answer whether or not you have or not. 10. Avoid making jokes or wisecracks, because a lawsuit is a serious matter (Wallace and Roberson, 2009).According to our text these are the Ten Commandments that a witness should know, whether you are a season ed officer or you are a rookie officer, these rule go across the board for everyone. Communication in the prison atmosphere is quite different than the normal communication on a day to day basis for an officer. For example many officers do not realize how much they need learn and mast verbal de-escalations skills until they work in a prison setting, where all of their weapons are taken from them.This is one of the best weapons for a correctional officer, they must be able to keep control of the prisoners with minimal to no weapons at all and they do that by utilizing their verbal de-escalation tactics. When an officers is within the prison system they must be a to calm an inmate down with just the sound of their voice, if they are not able to do that it can escalate to a very dangerous situation for the officer. Officers need to know what to say and when to say what when dealing with prison inmates, because depending on the situation they may make the situation worse, than better.O fficers receive several hours of provision in this type of technique, while a part of the academy, to ensure that they understand the importance of the communication with inmates. non only is there communication with the inmates important, but also there communication with their peers are just as important for the officer. The officer should know how to speak with their fellow officer regarding certain situation. Also they need to know what not to say or do with their peers to ensure that they are following certain policies.For instance male person officers need to make sure that they are not offending distaff officers just as female officers need to ensure that they are not offending male officers, it is a two street. This is something that transcends criminal justice and is just a normal practice of every profession not just criminal justice. It is important that you compliancy your peers at work and treat them the way that you would want to be treated. Also it does not just s top with the officer, this also applies to supervision staff, it is important that they speak to their staff with respect and courtesy at all times.For example I personally am a supervisor and I oversee approximately 50 associates on a daily basis, and it is very important that I treat every associate with respect and courtesy at all times. The moment that I do that I become a indebtedness to the company, and I can be sued for many different reasons, just depending on the situation. Communication within the correctional setting is the same across the board whether the officers is within the mens prison, womens prison, or a juvenile correctional facility, the officers my utilize there verbal skills to de-escalate issues, they cannot always depend on weapons.As you can see communication is very important to the criminal justice systems. If the steps that were given to you in this paper are not followed then they could have serious consequences. In closing communication is not only imp ortant in the criminal justice system, but it is important in many different settings, but communication for the criminal justice system is key because that is how offenders are convicted and not let go, based on a technicality.ReferenceWallace and Roberson (Ed.). (2009). Written and Interpersonal Communication Methods for Law Enforcement . Chapter 6 Prentice Hall. Retrieved fearful 14, 2010, from CJA363. Wallace and Roberson (Ed. ). (2009). Written and Interpersonal Communication Methods for Law Enforcement . Chapter 8 Prentice Hall. Retrieved August 14, 2010, from CJA363 Wallace and Roberson (Ed. ). (2009). Written and Interpersonal Communication Methods for Law Enforcement . Chapter 1 Prentice Hall. Retrieved August 14, 2010, from CJA363

Alcohol - Underage Drinking Essay Example for Free

Alcohol Underage Drinking EssayDid you know that approximately adept teenager between the ages of 14 and 17 die each week as a topic of underage drinking? If thats not alarming, research is saying that teenagers who frequently binge drink, atomic number 18 more than(prenominal) likely to use drugs like cocaine and have sex with six or more partners and cop very poor grades at school. Good morning / afternoon and fellow students, Im here(predicate) today to convince you that inebriant consumption amongst teenagers should be reduced in order to eliminate drab injuries and deaths, reduce unsafe sexual activity and violent behaviour particularly in male teens. scorn being educated about inebriant consumption, binge drinking amongst teenagers is increasing at an alarming rate. Statistics manoeuvre that teenagers who drink alcohol will take risks and put themselves in dangerous situations. As a result, more than sixty teenagers are hospitalised each weekend in Australia fr om alcohol related injuries. In the short status binge drinking can cause harm such as vomiting, hangovers and alcohol poisoning all the same over a long period of time it may lead to more serious wellness issues such as alcohol dependence, hotshot and make lover damage.Did you know the human outlook is not in full developed until we reach the age of 25? What many of you dont understand is that at this age, your brain is still forming critical parts needed for learning, memory, planning, emotional stability and thinking. Teenage binge drinking pr eventidets the brain from developing properly and can cause permanent damage. In addition to the health risks, drinking alcohol impairs your judgement and the ability to make correct or safe decisions. Recent studies show there is a link between teenage drinking and high-pitched risk sexual activity.For example, teenagers who drink alcohol are more likely to have multiple sexual partners and unprotected sex, resulting in unwanted pre gnancy and sexually transmitted diseases. A recent survey also showed that approximately 10 percent of female high school students had reported being raped. Plain and simple, alcohol alters your ability to think clearly. A study conducted in Great Britain revealed that After drinking alcohol, matchless in seven 16-to-24-year-olds have had unprotected sex, while one in five have had sex that they regretted and one in 10 said they had been unable to echo if they had sex the night before.Do you want to be one of these statistics? When young males tend to drink some(a) start to suit violent and aggressive and try to create fights. The worst case scenario is someone acquiring killed. Aggressive, delinquent behaviours, especially amongst male teenagers often result in hospitalisation. Assaults such as king hits, glassings, stabbings and fleshly abuse are on the increase. Recently on a Saturday night, St Vincents hospital in Sydney recorded no less than 65 batch being admitted with bl oodied faces, teenagers passed out on stretchers and many innocent victims of alcohol fuelled violence.Seriously, could you live with yourself knowing you had injured a good friend? I know I couldnt. Underage drinking, even so-called light drinking is dangerous, illegal, and must not be tolerated. Everyone including parents, schools, sporting clubs and anywhere young people gather should work together to deliver the message that underage drinking is not OK. Teens that drink alcohol run the risk of being seriously injured, they engage in unsafe sexual practices and boys can become extremely violent. I urge you not to binge drink.

To Kill a Mocking Bird Comparison Essay Example for Free

To Kill a Mocking Bird Comparison EssayIt is arouse how two family members can share many another(prenominal) differences and many similarities. In the novel To kill a jeerer by Harper Lee, genus genus Atticus and auntie Alexandra demonstrate their care and love for Jem and lookout, yet differ when it fill outs to parenting and views on society.Atticus and Aunt Alexandra both express their love and care for Jem and Scout. Firstly Atticus has more of a relaxed and compassionate love for Jem and Scout. For instance, after the attack of Jem and Scout, Jem was frightened and Atticus was there for him, Scout said He guided me to the bed and sat me down. He lifted my legs and put me under the cover he off out the light and went into Jems room. He would be there all night, and he would be there when Jem woked up in the morning (Lee, 387)Although Atticus Is a busy and tired man, he shows that he cares by tucking Scout in and watching over Jem after an eventful night.Similarly, Aun t Alexandra moves into Atticus house due to her fear for Scouts lack of proper etiquette. For instance, Aunt Alexandra was in the kitchen, explaining her presence to Scout We decided that it would be best for you if you had several(prenominal) feminine influence. It wont be many years, Jean Louise, before you become interested in cloths and boys. (Lee, 170) Although Aunt Alexandra moved in with Atticus, she expresses to scout her worries and motivation to correct them. It is evident that, both Atticus and Aunt Alexandra demonstrate their love for their family in many ways throughout the book.Atticus and Aunt Alexandra show many different parenting methods throughout the novel. Firstly, Atticus treats Jem and Scout as equals. He allows them to seduce their own decisions. For example, Jem and Scout wanted to hear the verdict on Tom Robinsons case Tell you what, you can all come back when youve eaten supper and if the jury is still out you can wait with us Atticus opened his utter to answer but shut it and left us. (Lee, 277) As a result Atticus lets Jem and Scout make their own decisions by allowing them to stay later.On the other hand, Aunt Alexandra makes decisions for Jem and Scout she treats them like children. For example, when Jem asks Atticus if he can go to church with Calpurnia Aunt Alexandra tells him that he cannot. Atticus, Ill go next Sunday if its alright, can i? Cal said shed come get me if you were off in the car Jem asked. You may not Aunt Alexandra answered. (Lee, 181) Therefore, Aunt Alexandra makes decisions for Jem. Clearly one can see Atticus and Aunt Alexandras parenting methods greatly differ.In addition, Aunt Alexandra and Atticus views on society greatly differ. For instance, Aunt Alexandra believes that certain the great unwashed should be treated differently. For example Aunt Alexandra tells Atticus that she feel that Calpurnia is not doing her job efficiently, and should let her go. And adoptt try and get around it youve got to face it sooner or later and it might as well be tonight. We dont need her now (Lee, 182) for this reason, Aunt Alexandra demonstrates the she is prejudice and racist, she wants Calpurnia fired notwithstanding because of the colour of her skin.On the other hand Atticus believes that people should be treated fairly and as equals. For instance, Alexandra complains to Atticus that she feels that Calpurnia being a person of colour should be fired because she is not doing her job correctly. Atticus disagrees and says Alexandra, Calpurnias not leaving this house until she wants t. you may think otherwise, but I couldnt pee got along without her all these years (Lee,182) Thus, Atticus expresses that Calpurnia is part of the family, and deserves to be treated fairly. As a result, Alexandra and Atticus views on society contrast because of the way they treat people.In the novel, To kill a mockingbird create verbally by Harper Lee, Atticus and Aunt Alexandra show strong love for their famil y and yet they differ when it comes to their parenting methods and views on society. In conclusion although Alexandra and Atticus are family they are more different then the same.

The Victorian ideal Essay Example for Free

The Victorian saint EssayThe Victorian ideal of womanhood is The Angel in the house. How does the Tempter handle his female characters in Great Expectations and how do they name to this ideal?Ben A 11wdIn Great Expectations, thither are a wide variety of odd and eccentric characters, but it seems that overall, at that place are signifi brooktly more curious female characters (Estella, Miss Havisham, Mrs Joe) than there are male characters (e.g. Mr Pumblechook).It is possible that the reason for the high number of strange women characters might be mickle to one or more personal experiences in Dickens life. Mrs Joe Gargery, for instance, was directly influenced by Dickens mother, Elizabeth Dickens, who direct Charles, at the age of cardinal, to work in a shoe polish factory in graze to support the family, who at the time were locked in prison due to the tremendous amount of debt Dickens fuck off was in. Mrs Joe is an exaggerated caricature of Elizabeth, and the antithes is of the angel in the house.The phrase The Angel In The House has its roots in a verse written by the British lyricist Coventry Patmore. He believed that his wife Emily was the complete incarnation of womanhood i.e. she was beautiful, obedient, polite, a good cook etc, and it was from her influence that the 211 page volume was written in 1854, and from that poem sprung the expression used to describe a proper housewife doing her duties.Although popular, it received a attracter of negative press from the more intelligent liberals both then and now, with some views being reflected by state such as Nel Noddings, who claimed that the Angel was infantile, weak and mindless. But surprisingly, Dickens was actually a supporter of the run into presented by Patmore, as were the majority of individuals of the time, even if it does appear that he is criticising the angelic ideal with the character of Mrs Joe for instance, as Dickens actually held quite conservative views on the idea.Mrs J oe is possibly the least angelic person in the entire book, primarily as step by step, Dickens parallels her on every single degree with the Angel, to make her as least angelic as he can, or at least, it appears that he does. She carries with her a stick used for whacking, which Dickens ironically christens Tickler, which she uses to attack both Pip and Joe regularly. There is the image of the thimble, which would unremarkably be used by a housewife similar to the one described in Patmores poem in order to safely knit and sew clothes, and except Mrs Joe uses it to bash Pip on the head, which is nearly the exact opposite of its original purpose. Dickens also appears to cover the ideal of women being perfect cooks, usoing the symbol of Mrs Joe dropping nails from her top pocket into the bread dough as she is kneading it.being housewives, they would go out an receive money for the family.The women in Great Expectations range through the social classes from the very top to the ver y base, and that all of them have severe defects and are not usually very friendly or condole with at all. The most evident of these are the characters of Mrs Joe Gargery and Estella, and to a lesser extent, Molly, Jaggers servant. They all come from different backgrounds, and yet one deals out physical abuse to her husband and brother, one treats the main character with neglect and pretends to execrate him out of spite simply because hes madly in love with her, and the other murdered her newborn baby, of which examples can give us quite a good idea of Dickens attitudes to class as it shows that there is no difference in how nice a person is just because of their status in society.Dickens is trying to suggest that the idea that it was the social class that you were brought up in that defined your personality and character in later life was pure speculation and had no basis in truth whatsoever. It is and then an opinion voicing not only Dickens personal and more subtly hidden opi nions on women, but also another expression of his more widely-known opinions on the Social Class system of England in the Victorian era.Dickens had a sense of social justice in that he was a solid believer that the poor of the country were being treated horribly by the people further up the class system, and although he was no radical or revolutionist, he did believe that it was wrong and so gentle his opinions quite openly in his books concerning this issue. He went from working in a factory when he was twelve to a world renowned author in 30 years, and so held these beliefs firmly and was not save passing abstract comment on these issues.

How to manage the SMART targets in your career plan. Essay Example for Free

How to manage the SMART tar bring outs in your career plan. EssayTo complete Business function with DDD by the end of the year. I will do this by attending classes, doing tutorials, turning up to matchless to ones and interpreting the course work book at home. I will to a fault aim to submit everything in on time and meet all my deadlines in vagabond to stay on precede of the work. In order to get a DDD by the end of the year I must get Merits in all my subjects, if I get a one pass for a unit and so I must get a distinction in a nonher unit in order to level it out. Select an appropriate course at a reputable University. I will do this by going to open days and logging on to the universities individual websites where there are usually options to do a virtual tour. In order to go to a university that will offer me ripe teaching in the area of graphic design I will have to look at a graphic design university leader board in order to see who offers the best learning. I mus t also speak to graphic design students at different universities to see their opinion on what the teaching is like and how good the facilities are.Apply for university before celestial latitude. I will apply to university before December by making sure I have written up my first draft of my personalised statement early to give my tutor enough time to give back amendments and for me to improve it. I will also look on the internet to find good examples of personal statements and guides on how to hold open them.Find cheap student accommodation. I will find cheap student accommodation by first selecting the university that I wish to study at and then asking at their help desk for round leaflets about(predicate) the surrounding places I can live at as a student. I could also check the universitys website for links to student accommodation or details on the site about living in the halls of university. I will try to get the cheapest deal I can whilst not compromising on quality by lo oking through a lot of student apartments. neck university course with 21 by 2014. I will attempt to complete my university course with 21 by purchasing the correct equipment before going to university. This will be a laptop computer that can stand high end applications and will help me be more efficient in completing assignments because my computer can cope with the programs needed for graphic design. I will also procure books that will prepare me well for the course these will be details about HTML tag and guides on how to use Adobe products that will be used in university. I will study hard by attending as many lectures as possible and taking notes on the subject, I will then take this theory into practice into the workshops provided by the university. I will keep on top of the assignments from day one in order to keep on top of my work and in control.

Functionalization of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes

Functionalization of Multiwalled Carbon NanotubesThe functionalization of multiwalled carbon nanotubes with contrasting drugsDuma (Voiculet), M. Prodana, I. DemetrescuAbstractFunctionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) by various groups (carboxyl or amino) substructure improve the squargon-toedties of anti-tumoral drugs (cisplatin, docetaxel, zometa). Functionalization was evidenced by infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Platinum ions released in faux body fluid (SBF) were measured by inductively couple plasma ion spectrometry (ICP-MS).Keywordsfunctionalization, FTIR, drug, carbon nanotubes, TEM.1. IntroductionIn our days currently available technologies have made remarkable advances in cancer research, but proper treatment remains elusive. According to the report issued by the World Global Health (WHO) it is estimates that the incidence of upstart cancer cases increase by more than 10 million each year and the rate of deaths ca pe rsonad by this disease is over 6 million per year 1. The most common cancers causing death are listed as WHO lung cancer, stomach, liver, colon and breast cancers. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) possess properties for the development of advanced drug deli actually systems, including their very large surface, which allows multi-conjugation of various molecules on the side walls.Molecules that contain aromatic groups may be easily covalently joined to strong interactions CNTs. 1-D functionalized CNTs (F-CNTs) could improve the binding of a single cell interaction via multiple binding sites, due(p) to their flexibility. Clinical practice guidelines such as those from the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO guidelines on extended use of intravenous bisphosphonates in metastatic breast cancer), the National Comprehensive malignant neoplastic disease Network (NCCN Breast crabby person Clinical Practice Guidelines), and the NCCN Task Force Report on Bone Health in Cancer Care all recog nize the positive utility of bisphosphonate as zoledronic acid (Zometa) use in alleviatory bone care 2-5. However, as new classes of inhibitor factors enter the metastatic cancer palliative it is important to ascertain how palliative care treatment modalities are used outside of the clinical trial setting. In this sentiment the present research is an investigation of a multiple hybrid functionalization of carbon nanotubues with drugs, introducing as a knickknackery functionalization with cisplatin, docetaxel and zometa 6.2. Experiment partThe best known method of functionalization is noncovalently modified by embedding fragments containing functionalized aromatic groups in the outer(prenominal) wall of CNTs through interaction - 7.2.1 ReagentsMultiwalls carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) purchased from Sigma Aldrich had more than 90% carbon and 10 to 15 nm x D x L 0.1 10 pm, produced by catalytic chemical vapor sedimentation (CCVD). Oxidation of the carbon nanotubes was made using a mixture of 98% sulfuric acid (Merck). Ethylenediamine (EDA)-modifying agent was supplied by Fluka. We used saline zometa, docetaxel (Dox) and cisplatin, from pharmaceutical market, and all reagents were not further purified. In the last historic period there are studies in literature regarding CNTs functionalization with different drugs 8-10.2.2 EquipmentFTIR spectra of functionalized MWCNTs were registered on a Perkin Elmer, Spectrum 100 equipment in four hundred4500 cm-1 prevail with 4 cm-1 resolution and 32 scans.Nano-sized particles were investigated using TEM analysis with a microscope Philips EM-410, 60kV.ICP-MS, ELAN DRC-e Perkin Elmer SCIEX U.S.A. was used for atomic number 78 determinations. The detection limit was 0.001g.g-1.2.3 ProcedureMultiwalled carbon nanotubes were functionalized with both amino and carboxyl groups. This functionalization was performed with the purpose to reduce the toxicity of multi-walled carbon nanotubes.MWCNTs (0.9 g) were dispersed in 98% sul furic acid and ultrasonicated at 50C for 6 h to obtain MWCNT-COOH. Functionalization of MWCNTs reduced toxicity of carbon nanotubes.0.3 mg MWCNT-COOH were ultrasonically prepared with thionyl chloride SOCl2 (50 ml) for 30 proceedings at room temperature. The suspension obtained was refluxed under magnetic stirring at room temperature for 48 hours and accordingly filtered. The filtrate was washed with tetrahydrofuran (THF) and dried at room temperature for 20 minutes. MWCNTs-SOCl2 were immersed in ethylenediamine at room temperature for 10 hours. The mixture was washed with tetrahydrofuran and filtered. The filtrate was dried at 80 C for 10 hours.Throughout cookery process, docetaxel, cisplatin and zometa was added to carbon nanotubes. Docetaxel was difficult to absorb due to their hydrophobic feature of speechs. Docetaxel (5 mg) was added to a solution of MWCNT, MWCNT-COOH, MWCNT-NH2 in 1 ml of saline and 0.5 ml of anhydrous grain alcohol using an ultrasonic bath for 48 hours at 50 C. The suspension was centrifuged at 10000 rpm for 15 minutes until the carbon nanotubes were fully precipitated. Cisplatin (2 mg) was added to solutions that contain MWCT, MWCNT-COOH and MWCNT-NH2 in 1 ml of saline and was sonicated for 48 hours at 50C and filtered.The remaining solids were rinsed with anhydrous ethanol and deionized water to remove the excess of docetaxel and zometa.All samples were investigated using infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS).3. Results and discussionsFTIR spectroscopy is a very useful tool to show the movement of functional groups on the surface of MWCNT-COOH an MWCNT-NH2.The bands allocated to groups -OH, -CH2 and amino in the four samples are almost identical.For MWCNT-COOH-CDDP-DOX-ZOMETA functionalized sample, for CH groups bands come in in a range from 3556.86 to 2921.60 cm-1, for CDDP the range is 852.24 to 520.89 cm-1, for Dox the peaks for character istic groups O=O is at 1082.30 and 1030.31 cm-1 and for zometa the range is betwwen 1461.51 to 1349.22 cm-1 as is shown in augur 1a.In case of MWCNT-COOH-CDDP-ZOMETA functionalized sample, bands for CH groups appears at 3555.69 cm-1, for CDDP the range is between 857.30 to 560.78 cm-1 and for zometa the specific bands are in a range between 1463.81 to 1349.45 cm-1 as is shown in Figure 1b.For MWCNT-COOH-DOX-ZOMETA functionalized sample, bands for CH groups appears in a range from 3235.44 to 2922.98 cm-1, for Dox the range for characteristic groups O=O is 1072.19 to 1031.74 cm-1 and for zometa specific peaks appear in a range 1453.93 to 1350.28 cm-1 as is shown in Figure 1c.For MWCNT-COOH-ZOMETA functionalized sample, bands for CH groups appear in a range from 3546.07 to 2922.38 cm-1, for ZOMETA the range is between 1461.51 to 1352.80 cm-1 as is shown in Figure 1d.Fig.1. FTIR spectra for a). MWCNT-COOH-CDDP-DOX-ZOMETA b). MWCNT-COOH-CDDP-ZOMETA c). MWCNT-COOH-DOX-ZOMETA d). MWCNT-CO OH-ZOMETAIn case of MWCNT-NH2-CDDP-DOX-ZOMETA functionalized sample, bands for CH functional grups are between 3696.20 to 3544.20 cm-1, for amines group appear peaks between 1735.03 to 1624.51 cm-1, for CDDP the peaks are between 854.77 to 560.27 cm-1, for DOX the range is 1077.24 to 1032.25 cm-1 and for zometa from 1448.87 to 1349.46 cm-1 as shown in Figure 2a.For MWCNT-NH2-CDDP-ZOMETA functionalized sample, bands for CH groups are between 3721.57 to 3012.65 cm-1, for amines groups the peaks are between 1735.03 to 1623.54 cm-1, for CDDP from 859.83 to 580.56 cm-1 and for zometa the peaks appear between 1483.93-1241.57 cm-1 as shown in Figure 2b.For MWCNT-NH2-ZOMETA functionalized sample, bands for CH functional grups are between 3544.43 to 3012.65 cm-1, for amines group peaks appear between 1736.74 to 1640.05 cm-1 and for ZOMETA characteristic peaks appear between 1466.57 to 1345.22 cm-1 as shown in Figure 2c.Fig. 2. FTIR spectra for a). MWCNT-NH2-CDDP-DOX-ZOMETA b). MWCNT-NH2-CDDP -ZOMETA c). MWCNT-NH2-DOX-ZOMETA d). MWCNT-NH2-ZOMETAMorphology of nanosized particles are investigated by transmission electron microscopical analysis (TEM). From this analysis shown in Fig. 3 it is evidenced the surfaces of MWCNTs functionalized with carboxyl CDDP, Dox and zometa. MWCNTs have a curved blueprint about 10-20 nm in diameter and a length of 0,1-10 microns. TEM images show CDDP and DOX grains of 10-20 nm in width while ZOMETA sample is spread radially from a common center at the intersection of MWCNTs. Encapsulation of drugs is sound emphasized. In Fig. 4 morphology reveals multiwalled carbon nanotubes functionalized with amino group in which drugs were added (CDDP, DOX and ZOMETA).a).b).c).d).Fig. 3. TEM morphologies for a). MWCNT-COOH-DOX-ZOMETA b). MWCNT-COOH-CDDP-ZOMETA c). MWCNT-COOH-CDDP-DOX-ZOMETA d). MWCNT-COOH-ZOMETAa)b)c)d)Fig. 4. TEM morphologies for a). MWCNT-NH2-CDDP-DOX-ZOMETA b). MWCNT-NH2-CDDP-ZOMETA c). MWCNT-NH2-DOX-ZOMETA d). MWCNT-NH2-ZOMETASampl es were placed in SBF for different periods of times and the solutions were analyzed. The samples were added in a nebulizer for vaporization. Conditions were selected to maximize the ion signal while platinum solution was introduced in blue devils generator. The steam generated was then transported to the ICP-MS to determine platinum ions.The largest amount of platinum ions was recorded for MWCNT-COOH-CDDP-DOX-ZOMETA as can be seen in fig.4 This value indicates that there are good possibilities for further analysis.Fig. 4.Platinium ion release from hybrid functionalized MWCNT with various drugs.4. ConclusionsWe presented a study of docetaxel, cisplatin and zometa added to MWCNTs functionalized by carboxyl and amino groups. FTIR measurements have been used for structural characterization of drugs encapsulation in MWCNTs-COOH. 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