Evaluating How To Ensure Patient Safety Nursing Essay

Evaluating How To Ensure persevering Safety Nursing EssayPATIENT SAFETYAccording to World Health Organisation (2010) unhurried safe is the taproom and avoidance of adverse circumstances or injuries coming from health c atomic turn 18 process. Accidents, errors atomic number 18 common events that can occur in the clinical area. Safety a erects from the interaction from different parts of the trunk it does non live in a person, department or device. Patient arctic is a classify of health fright quality.Patient safety could be defined as the prevention of errors and adverse core associated with affected role ofs in health care. Health care has become much complex and more than effective with great role of medicines, treatment and more commit of technologies besides, uncomplaining safety is the prevention of adverse effects to forbearing ofs and prevention of errors associated with health care. In e actually care begetn at that place is a certain degree of unsec ured practice, wrong social function, side effects of medicates, hazards through with(p) by a faulty or sub stock(a) medical examination checkup device used in the health dodging, pitying errors or clay errors (latent) failures (World Health Organization, 2002).Patient safety is a global issue whereby about 2.3% -16.6% adverse event rates name been documented from cutting care infirmarys. 1.4 million people worldwide curb also been dealed by the World alinement for patient safety are suffering from acquired infections from hospitals and in the developed world 10% of patients admitted to modern medical hospitals acquire one or more infections.In Africa and Asia pacific region, patient safety is a very big issue of concern. In the developing countries the adventure of health care associated infection is 2-20 terms higher than in developed countries, sometimes the percentage of health care acquired infection can exceed 25%. The countries rise of unsafe care is al girding (WHO, 2007, pp. 15).Nursing literature and standards of professional conduct elevating patient safety and standard care all presuppose the importance of excellence in nursing practice. About what excellence is and how it may be operationalised as a moral essential in patient safety discourse is not well interpreted. It may not be possible to effect to any one specific explanation of the idea what excellence in health and nursing care area is, hardly only to give examples of distinct excellences of professional practice and professional lives for example case of exceptional caring, exceeding honesty, outstanding savvy and skill, laudable wisdom, uncommon patience and eminent integrity.RISK ASSESSMENTIt is the identification of attendant uncertainties in score to estimate the adventure in an organization IPCS (2004). Risk assessment is the first constituent in risk analysis process which also includes management of risk and communication of risk. Risk assessment refers to techn iques and methods that apply to the taste of hazards. Risk assessment starts with problem formulation which includes four additional steps as elaborated on a lower floor(1)Identification of hazards(2)Characterization of hazards(3)Assessment exposure(4)Characterization of risk (IPCS, 2004).Identification of hazards entails recognizing the hazard and acting fast to prevent an incident from occurring. Characterization of hazards has to do with the drug, object or procedure that might cause the adverse effect. Assessment exposure involves how are patient expose to this hazards, how much danger is identically to occur, how long is the danger likely to occur, what measure of danger is stamp down for typifying health risk? Characterization of risk involves how does the assess exposure compare guidance value for the drug?The toy withs on craft in this case scenario did not act as hweapon system absorbers by ensuring the safety of the young missy in the harbor by combining expertise, experience and dressing which is required from see nurses. They exacted mental alertness or foresight to identify on time that the patient tourniquet was not unfastened.National Patient Safety Agency (2008) has developed a mental preparedness training program which aims at enabling nurses to increase knowledge of determinant that raises the chance of patient safety incidents, encouragement their pledge to keep patient safety incident from happening and realizeing risk-prone situations better. Reason (2004) cultivated a method for analysing risks which was organized around the lead-bucket model. According to the model, most patient safety incidents can be prevented if clinical staffs foresee error in the beginning any task, procedure or action is attempted. The assessment is divided into three parts, which are the self-bucket, context-bucket and the task-bucket. Relating these three-bucket prediction approaches to the case scenario examined in this essay is detailed below.In th e self-bucket, the registered nurse that collected the broth sample from the little girl had a low level of competence and experience because it is the province of a medical laboratory scientist which she is not. She was not aware of the policies that g overns the procedure and never took her time to cross-check what she was doing.In the context-buck the registered nurse on duty lacked team support from her colleagues. The four registered nurses on duty would hasten shared the patients in the ward to themselves in a ratio of 101 and the unfastened tourniquet would have been spy by the staff nurse in charge of this young girl.In the Task-bucket the registered nurse that collected the pipeline sample was unfamiliar with the task so did not remember to unfasten the tourniquet. She would have asked for a medical laboratory scientist who has more experience in this procedure and it would have help reduced the work fill up for this staff nurse because the ward was industrious and f ull.Reason (2004) noted that using foresight is a original skill of an experient registered nurse and for it to be more effective it must be practised. He goes on to say that healthcare professionals who needs to develop error wisdom, alertness and quick reactions needs to apply it, should use the simple three-bucket model of error which might help them the foresight factors that raises the chance of patient safety incidents. preparation on risk assessment does not have to take place in classroom but can be cultivated in forming part of clinical handovers, or of daily training programmes involving for example, manual of arms handling and lifting which was not done by the nurses on duty in this scenario.The training programme intentional created to equip staff with prospective risk assessment abilities and a simple model needed for use in their every daytime work. It aim is to help nurses to do something to prevent incidents, improve nurses knowledge of the factors that can be ad ded to make patient safety incident occur, educating nurses by encouraging them to share their experiences of patient safety incidents, up(p) their knowledge of risky situations.The program also help prepare staff nurses to undertake urgent risk assessments of risky situations by encouraging them to accept that errors can and will always occur and to be more at alert of safety gaps where they work, know how to check situations before starting a task and so increases chances to minimise and avoid errors and to note and anticipate problems and to prepare in advance to deal with them. Ask for more qualified help when necessary and to know what stops them from asking for help.THE SCENERIOMy patient case scenario happened in southeasterly south Nigeria, West Africa where a student nurse did her clinical practice. An eight year old girl who was admitted for the treatment for malaria had her arm amputated before discharge from the hospital. This young baby as I will peal her was admitt ed into a 40 bottom of the inningded busy ward with just three trained registered nurses on duty on each shift. She came in with severe pyrexia which was later brought down, but on the third day of her stay in the ward as a stable patient, the medical doctor on duty ordered for a malaria parasite blood investigation to see if in that respect are more parasites before discharge.Fortunately the hospital management board had enacted a law which governs the hospital and the laboratory in this hospital whereby blood samples are collected by the nurse on duty to the medical laboratory scientist because the hospital had only one medical laboratory scientist that runs the laboratory. The hospital management board tells the Federal Government that they have employed ten medical laboratory scientists (Ghost workers) but apparently employed just one.On that sheep pen morning one of the registered nurses on duty collected this patient blood for investigations but forgot to unfasten the lace d tourniquet from the patients arm. The incident took place with the morning nurses on duty while handing over to the afternoon nurses the unfasten tourniquet was still on the patient arm so the tourniquet was there for two days without any of the nurses on duty noticing, the patient mum thought the on the girls arm was part of the treatment. 48 hours later a registered nurse on duty who went to give the patient bed bath saw it and by then blood supply to that arm has been cut off.An incident report was filled and submitted to investigated the incidence but information collected could not be worked on appropriately because the structure of the management board is pathologic because they have this attitude already that they needed not to waste their time on patient safety issue (Parker, 2001)SYSTEM FACTORSThroughout management of care, registered nurses are used extensively. just about health management officers prefers using advanced practice nurses in their primary care duties in ever-changing patients positions and in community settings. An other(a) important role for the registered nurse is that of case management while on duty. As a case manager you will have to manage care for a patient during the upstanding of the health care system to minimize breakdowns, contain cost and improve the quality of life.Nurses also help in a triage role, deciding the most suitable course of intervention and are a lot employed to render the most appropriate and cost-efficient care. This duty often involves moving a patient out of the hospital, a nursing home or with health service. The patients who are the consumers have different views towards managed care and their experiences. Some patients have good access, care givers they trust, various plod of services and fair costs. Others have experienced access problem, refusal of treatment and limited coverage as seen in this case scenario. As patients become more informed, they began to fight for their rights to better healt h care services through legal system and reforms.Reducing custody as seen in this essay, without proper reconstructive memory simply leaves fewer people to realize already uneffective and ineffective work.Unluckly this short sighted approach is taken by various companies, both in and outdoors health sector. The outcome is poor morale, patient discontent, low-quality outcome and loss of able staff. Kuokkanen et al., (2003) in their studies noted that seam satisfaction, empowerment and organizational obligations are closely linked.Health care workers today are facing a very different work environment. They mostly have seven to ten different jobs during a representative work career moderately than the three jobs or slighter held by former generation.Keys to successful reconstruction of the health system include strong leadership, support from the leaders from the top (resources, cultural, financial and time) positive thinkers, steadfastness and our being able to answer these few questions-What is our mission?-What standard do we want?-How do we need to go about our work?-What people do we want to work with?The history, political and socioeconomic factors of a country determines the characteristics of the health system, for example the hospital where this incidence occurred ,the organizational models are visionary and do not actually exist in a realistic pure state. Giving the Federal government a false figure of staff in each ward and having few staff is organisational failures that lead to the patient safety incidence. Due to the poor system normal daily nursing procedures were not carried out like fetching of vital signs four hourly because if the normal routine procedure of taking vital signs was done the nurse that carried out the procedure would have seen the unfasten tourniquet that was tied on the little girls arm.During handing and taking over of the morning nurses to the afternoon nurses, the blood specimen collection which was a latest developme nt would have been reported to the head nurse on afternoon duty. The nurses on night duty also failed in their duties. If a proper night report was written and read out loudly by a night nurses in the presence of all the day duty nurses the next day the error would have still be noted.Healthcare managers, strategy-makers and governors at the blunt-end-they decide on how care is delivered through strategies, financial engage and directing the work of the healthcare professionals.At the blunt-end, latent conditions occur. A working environment is made that increases the chances that there will be an active failure at the sharp end. There are a whole lot of latent failures-all with the possibility to cause an adverse event like what we have now in this patient case scenario. The healthcare system in this scenario is overloaded such as overbooking admissions into the ward with less(prenominal) staff. Normally there is a combination of many small factors, each appearing not to be import ant when viewed alone.When latent failures occur in addition to only one active failure, such as forgetting to unfasten a used tourniquet by a registered nurse who is overtired because she has been working in an overcrowded and busy ward, the outcome is a recipe for an adverse event to occur.HUMAN FACTORS humane factor is the application of human knowledge, ability and limitations to the design of common systems of people, work tools and their environment to guarantee their influence, safety and ease of use. The above interpretation explains it further that the chores nurses perfrom,the equipment they are called to use, their work environment and the organizational procedures that moulds their activities may or may not be a good fit for their advantage and disadvantage. Poor outcome usually occurs when the sensory, behavioural and cognitive traits of providers are put together.Most nursing work processes have evolved as a result of personal or practice first choice rather than thro ugh a systematic method of constructing a system that gives rise to small errors and greater effectiveness. Far too often, care givers and administrators have fallen into a on-line(prenominal) situation trap carrying out procedures simply because they always had been done that way. Experts in human factor on the other hand, look at human abilities and weakness in the construction of systems, accenting the importance of avoiding believe in memory, carefulness and follow up intentions-areas where human acts of avoiding confidence. Processes can be made easy and standardized, leading to less confusion, gains more effectiveness and fewer errors.The area of human factors does not point solely on devices and technology. Human factor research came up during World War II as a result of showcasing equipment and controls that were not fitted to the visual and motor abilities of human users, decade after decade of human factors work has seen a turnout of the human accomplishment issues seen worthy of investigation. Lately a number of human factor experts with interest in improving health care standard and safety spoke addressing a more inclusive range of sociotechnical system factors, including only patient, care givers, the duty performed, and group work, but also work environments or Microsystems. unitary of the lessons coming from a systems method is that meaningful improvements in safety and quality are likely to be reached by seeing to and correcting the mistakes among these organizational and management social functions, and socioeconomic factors outside of the institution. Managing the systems confidence of care, as seen by confidence of care, is a big challenge faced by providers and their human factor partners.Human factor applicable to this case scenario is that there was an inadequate flow of information from the nurses during their handing over process. The nurses on each shift did not have the information they needed to appropriately care for the young girl. The (Joint Commission) 2006 advices on the improvement of effective communication which is include a requirement for a standardized handing-off of communications. Other human factors that lead to the incident were fatigue, stress and interruptions.Although the nurse that carried out the procedure was not a medical laboratory scientist but she should have explained the procedure to the young girl or get an interpreter to interpret the procedure to the patients mother because she does not understand English. This effective communication before the procedure would have helped in great deal in preventing this casualty because the mother caring for her daughter would have noticed the tourniquet still fastened on her daughters arm after the procedure was an error and would have drawn the attention of the nurse or any other nurse to unfasten it.CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR PRACTICEIncreasing the number of medical staffing in order to carry through compliance will help in min imizing patient safety incidence rather than lying. Although increasing the number of medical staff is not a criterion that error will be prevented completely in the practical world.Setting up assessment team amongst the nurses who will be dedicatedly positioned to centralised areas in the ward to assess acutely ill patients and strict monitoring while still on admission.No matter how bad the case in a hospital is, there must be a patient safety champion in each department or division which should be recommended or put up by the staff in the hospital.The hospital should use the information generated by its incident reporting system and organization-wide risk assessments to proactively improve patient care.