Best Economic Rotation of Various Farm Grown Tree Species

Best Economic Rotation of Various set up Grown Tree SpeciesTITLE DETERMINING THE BEST ECONOMIC gyration OF VARIOUS FARM GROWN TREE SPECIES.AbstractThe innovative companionship relating to the excellent frugal rotation of genus Dalbergia sissoo (Shisham), Acacia nilotica (kikar) and Albizzia lebbeck (Shareen) bad in the farm reachs of Pakistan, is still inediquate and erratic. It should be calculated on tehsil level as the growing regularize of trees differ from area to area moldled by climate. jibe to this requirement, the present study has been planned. Tehsil Kot Addu of District Muzaffargarh impart be choosen for this study. 5 vill climb ons of Tehsil Kot Addu volition be selected randomly. From selected vill get alongs five fields having an area of five acre will be selected through random selection technique. Common type trees growing at that surface will be assigned successive numbers. Tree height diameter at breast height (DBH) will be measured. The price of wha tever standing tree will find out from the land owner. The data will be arranged in tabular form, organized and discounted at appropriate discount rate. Return on investment (R.O.I), Benefit salute ratio (B.C.R) and Net present expense (N.P.W) will be use as frugal tools. Various rotations of trees will be checked to account the scotchal rotation of each tree species.V. INTRODUCTIONForest plants ply basic necessities of life (food, fiber protection) to a great size of people. The serviceman of the institution is subjoin day by day and is predicted to be rough 10 billion in the mid of 21st century. As a result, wood and wood products demand will also increase manifolds (UNO, 1995).In Pakistan there is deficiency of most 29 one thousand million cubic meters of timber. The rate of disforestation is increasing continuously at a rate of 2.5% one-yearly. macrocosm increase rate is 1.90% per annum, if the same situation continues, urban population will be doubled in the next 20 days and will surly clear to more deforestation for making way for earthly concern (Government of Pakistan, 2005).It has been narrated that eighty to ninety percent of rural need of home give notice demands are fulfilled by onslaught wood, in the primitive countries. Forests create a huge importance in Pakistans economy by supplying timber, fire wood and shelter for animals (Nouman et al., 2006).It has been narrated that, total houses of Pakistan in 2006 were 22.8 million, from which Punjab has 54.85% (12. 280 million houses). Out of the total houses (22.38 Million) just 20% (4.476 million) units had been provided natural gas while 80% (17.904 million) were depending on the different energy resources as sack wood, dried animals dung, residues of crop, Liquid Petroleum Gas (LPG), kerosene oil and charcoal (partial burnt wood) etc (Government of Pakistan, 2009). Nearly 32% energy demand is met by the wood biomass (FAO, 2009). As stated by Energy-Pakistan (2011) all the energy extracted from the informal energy agency like mechanized waste, charcoal , residues of crops , cow dung, metropolitan waste and fire wood was 28106 ton in 2008, from which 26.5105 ton (95%) was acquired from fuel wood.This alarming situation had highlighted by (Government of Pakistan, 2005) which proposed that our forest resources will be destroyed in next 15 historic period due to huge deforestation for fuel wood and timber. Pakistan is at the 110th country in the world by his forest resources as announced in 2011 by linked Nations General Assembly (Chaudhry, 2011).The worlds forest cover is about 30% whereas Pakistan has only 4.8% (4.2 million hectares) out of 88 million hectares (Anonymous, 2005). On the other hand, it is only 2% as stated by (FAO, 2011). Thus, Pakistan has the work quality forest resources along with minimum ratio as compared to the world (Mcketta, 1990). Pakistan has 0.001ha per capita forest resources while in the world it is devoted 1.00 ha per capita (FAO, 2011) including piffling contribution of forest sector to our economy.Cultivation of trees with agricultural crops is an old mode of obtaining various benefits from the same piece of land. Kalinganire et al., 2008) stated that Farm forestry is a skilful combination of trees or woody plants with agricultural crops at the same land piece either in a chronological or longitudinal arrangement in such a way that both efficient and biological collaboration occurs between them. In Pakistan about 60% of timber and 90% of total fuel wood needs are acquired by the tree plants grown on farmlands. (Rahim and Hasnain, 2010). Land owners grow tree plants on their farms and they draw them without any proper/optimum rotation. This may cause economic loss because inflation and market price strongly affects the farmers economic benefits. The present research has been planned to observe the optimum economic rotation of various farm grown tree species. It may lead the farmers to maximum benefit. All this needs to carry out at the gain root level (District Tehsil level) because the tree growth rate strongly differs from place to place. Present research is lacking in literature. There is no any information available in the literature related to the best economic rotation of different farm grown tree species in Pakistan, Punjab at tehsil level. So, this study was planned with these two objectives.To find out the best economic rotation of various farm grown tree species in Kot Addu.To determine the level of profitability of farmers/ tree growers in Kot Addu.VIREVIEW OF THE LITERATUREFarm forestry has legion(predicate) benefits so farmers raise various woody plants along with agricultural crops for obtaining shelter for animals, fire wood and timber. Trees also beneficial as bio remedial measures for the control of pollution and erosion (Zubair and Garforth, 2005). Farmers prefer Acacia nilotica because it is a fast growing species and substantially propag ated. Similarly, Dalbergia sissoo and Albizia lebbeck are very important for return of fuel wood and timber. Naturally grown trees make haphazard ornament in farms but genius farmers adjust the tree plants on fitted place like boundaries of fields. In addition, Acacia nilotica render the economic benefits at the age of 10-15 years to the farmers. Timber merchants confer in order to reach an organisation with the farmer regarding to the price of fuel wood and timber wood.Nouman et al., 2006) describe that Daphar irrigated plantations were speed in the profit with a benefit cost ratio of 1.29. utmost mortality rate of tree plants lead to less income in firstly 10 years. But next twenty years lead to great income due to greater number of tree plants. In the study, the rotation of Dalbergia sissoo was 20 year (Azharet al., 2011).In 3 Tehsils of District Faisalabad viz Samundari, Jaranwala, Faisalabad additive and compact plantations of eucalyptus tree camaldulensis were eval uated. Economic benefits of those 3 plantations were considered. For Eucalyptus camaldulensis linear and lug plantations of Short rotations (5-6 years) were most profitable (Majid, 1995).Friday et al., 2000) determined the net present worth of 50 acres teak (Tectonagrandis) plantation. He determined that 35 years rotation was more profitable than 40 or more years rotation.Posavec et al., 2004) determined the best economic rotation in Croatia for even old tree stand. The net present tax of 20 years and one hundred fifty years of trees was calculated. He stated that 20-130 years stand was continuously increasing because the mean annual development for the stand was increased. But the net value for the age of 130-150 decreased because of decrease in mean annual increment of the stand for the same period.Tanvir et al., 2002) stated that in different zones of Central Punjab Eucalyptus camaldulensis gained maximum volume /mean annual increment in eighth year of its growth. Although M aximum increase in volume was in seventh year. But the worth of tree dont rise in the ratio to the volume/year. Although the price per tree gradually increased with increase in volume per year but price per cubic theme decreased continuously after 8th year .Therefore, his suggestion is to harvest the tree plants during early age (within 7 year) in order to come in maximum income.Economic evaluation of Eucalyptus camaldulensis plantation was carried out. It was determined that the plantations schematic for the betterment of soil provide more socio economic and environmental determine at the age of 11 years. If the plantation is harvested after the economic age then it will surly lead the farmers to economic loss. On the other hand, Eucalyptus camaldulensis plantation grown for the purpose of pulp wood business achieved the maximum growth at 5-8 years of age. At this age, there is maximum net present worth and mean annual increment of the plantation. later this economic age, the re is a decrease in mean annual increment, so, the owner of the plantation is directed to the economic loss (Niskanen, 1997).Chaudhry et al., 2003) determined the relative growth of poplar tree under pure stand and agroforestry system. He reported that rotation of Poplar in intercropping agroforestry system was more economic at 4th and 6th years of age as compared to the pure genus Populus deltoids stand. It was further reported that 8 year rotation age of Poplar was uneconomical for both systems of plantations.